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CHEM 104 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

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CHEM 104 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

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The spontaneity of some reactions is temperature-dependent. Spontaneous or non
spontaneous at high and low temps?


2) Both ΔH and ΔS are negative.


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Spontaneous at low temperatures and nonspontaneous at high
temperatures.




The calculated ΔS value tells us what?


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If the process is spontaneous or nonspontaneous

,Define with example: Kinetic Energy


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Kinetic energy - the energy that an object possesses because of its motion.
Example: The object on a high shelf would turn from potential energy to
kinetic energy if it fell off the shelf.




Define with example: irreversible process


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the system and its surroundings do not return to their original condition
after initiation. Is not able to go back to original state. Example: Iron that
rusts.




If the calculated ΔS value is positive (+) then the reaction will be spontaneous or
nonspontaneous?


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spontaneous (increasing disorder or chaos in lab)




The spontaneity of some reactions is temperature-dependent. Spontaneous or non
spontaneous at high and low temps?


3) ΔH is positive, and ΔS is negative.

, Give this one a try later!


Nonspontaneous at all temperatures.




Calculate the entropy change in the universe (ΔSuniv) for a system at 300 K under the
following conditions: the ΔS is 41.2 J/K and requires 9,500 J (qsurr = -9,500 J) of heat.
Calculate your answer to 3 significant figures and report your answer with the
appropriate units. Show your work, including the original equation.


Then state if the process will be spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Explain/support
your answer using the value of your calculation for ΔSuniv.


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ΔSuniv = ΔSsys + (qsurr ÷ T)
ΔSuniv = 41.2 J/K + (-9,500 J ÷ 300 K)
ΔSuniv = 9.53 J/K (spontaneous – positive value)




Define with example: nonspontaneous process


Give this one a try later!


Nonspontaneous process- requires continual energy input from external
source to occur. Example: a ball rolling uphill.




The spontaneity of some reactions is temperature-dependent. Spontaneous or non
spontaneous at high and low temps?


4) ΔH is negative, and ΔS is positive.

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