BIOS_255_ANATOMY_AND_PHYSIOLOGY_III_EXAM_2_ACTUAL_EXAMINATION_2026

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2025/2026

Institution BIOS 255

Course BIOS 255

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BIOS_255_ANATOMY_AND_PHYSIOLOGY_III_EXAM_2_ACTUAL_EXAMINATION_2026

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BIOS 255 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY III
EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

⫸ Platelets Answer: Cell fragments
-From megakaryocytes
No nucleus
Some organelles
-Granules
-Vesicles with hemostatic chemicals
-Lysosomes

⫸ What can platelets do? Answer: Can:
Crawl
Pseudopods
Stick together (clots)
Dissolve clots
Secrete
Fight infection

⫸ Hemostasis: Steps Answer: Injury to vessel
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation

,Clot forms

⫸ Vascular Spasm Answer: Vasoconstriction
Caused by:
Nerve impulses (Short-term)
Vasoconstrictors (Chemicals)
Ex) Serotonin
-From platelets

⫸ Platelet Plug Formation:Upon activation Answer: Grow pseudopods
-Crawling
-Adhesion
-Contraction

Degranulation
-Release chemicals
~Vasoconstrictors ,Platelet activators, Procoagulants

⫸ Platelet Plug Formation Answer: Platelets
Do NOT stick to endothelium
DO stick to collagen
Damage → exposed collagen

,Sticking to collagen
(or other platelets)→Platelet Activation

⫸ Coagulation Answer: Platelet plug
Not a clot (yet)
Loose
Weak

Clot formation
-Main event: fibrin formation
Note: RBCs help Passively

⫸ Purpose: Fibrin Formation Answer: Complicated process
Fibrin: like spider web
-Catches more platelets & RBCs
Prthrombin→Thrombin→Fibrinogen→Fibrin→clot

⫸ Thrombin Answer: Prothrombin
-Inactive form

Thrombin = Enzyme
Fibrinogen → Fibrin
Chops pieces off

, ⫸ Fibrin formation Answer: Fibrinogen → fibrin
Pieces chopped off
By thrombin

Fibrin proteins polymerize
make fibers

⫸ Coagulation cascade Answer: Series of reactions
-Reaction cascade

Reactants
-Proteins
-Already in plasma
-OR Released
~Especially by platelets

⫸ Coagulation cascade:2 activation paths Answer: Extrinsic
Started by molecules released by damage

Intrinsic
Started by activated platelets

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Uploaded on: July 20, 2026
Number of pages: 76
Written in: 2025/2026
Type: Exam (elaborations)
Contains: Questions & answers

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