BIOLOGY MACROMOLECULES STUDY GUIDE EXAM
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔Adding water to reverse dehydration synthesis, so the polymer
recieves a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group
✔✔Carbohydrates - ✔✔A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio
between the hydrogen and oxygen.
✔✔Monosaccharides - ✔✔Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy,
classified by the amount of carbons
✔✔Disaccharides - ✔✔Double sugars with 2 rings
✔✔Polysaccharides - ✔✔Polymers, with many rings, joined by glucosidic linkages. Acts
as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms
✔✔Maltose - ✔✔A disaccharide formed by joining the two glucose molecules: found in
malt sugar
✔✔Sucrose - ✔✔A disaccharide formed by joining glucose and fructose, major form of
sugars in plants: found in table sugar
✔✔Lactose - ✔✔A disaccharide formed by joining glucose and galactose. People who
lack the enzyme to digest this sugar are "intolerant"
✔✔Glucosidic Linkages - ✔✔the bond that bonds polysaccharides
✔✔Starch - ✔✔During photosynthesis: glucose is a biproduct that is stored in plastids
and chloroplasts
✔✔Cellulose - ✔✔Made up cell walls of plants, using beta rings
✔✔Glycogen - ✔✔An animal polysaccharide. Human produces excess sugar, highly
branched. Humans and vertebrates store this in the liver and muscles
✔✔Chitin - ✔✔Makes up the exoskeleton of pill bugs; extremely strong, contains
nitrogen-containing appendage on each glucose. Structural support for the cell walls of
many fungi.
✔✔Lipids - ✔✔Literally no affinity for water (hydrophobic), nonpolar molecules. Have C,
H and O, but not in a 2:1 ratio.
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔Adding water to reverse dehydration synthesis, so the polymer
recieves a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group
✔✔Carbohydrates - ✔✔A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio
between the hydrogen and oxygen.
✔✔Monosaccharides - ✔✔Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy,
classified by the amount of carbons
✔✔Disaccharides - ✔✔Double sugars with 2 rings
✔✔Polysaccharides - ✔✔Polymers, with many rings, joined by glucosidic linkages. Acts
as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms
✔✔Maltose - ✔✔A disaccharide formed by joining the two glucose molecules: found in
malt sugar
✔✔Sucrose - ✔✔A disaccharide formed by joining glucose and fructose, major form of
sugars in plants: found in table sugar
✔✔Lactose - ✔✔A disaccharide formed by joining glucose and galactose. People who
lack the enzyme to digest this sugar are "intolerant"
✔✔Glucosidic Linkages - ✔✔the bond that bonds polysaccharides
✔✔Starch - ✔✔During photosynthesis: glucose is a biproduct that is stored in plastids
and chloroplasts
✔✔Cellulose - ✔✔Made up cell walls of plants, using beta rings
✔✔Glycogen - ✔✔An animal polysaccharide. Human produces excess sugar, highly
branched. Humans and vertebrates store this in the liver and muscles
✔✔Chitin - ✔✔Makes up the exoskeleton of pill bugs; extremely strong, contains
nitrogen-containing appendage on each glucose. Structural support for the cell walls of
many fungi.
✔✔Lipids - ✔✔Literally no affinity for water (hydrophobic), nonpolar molecules. Have C,
H and O, but not in a 2:1 ratio.
