SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔project teams - ✔✔almost always temporary, they run their operation and have total
control of a specific work project
✔✔product development teams - ✔✔special type of project team formed to devise,
design, and implement a new product
✔✔quality assurance teams - ✔✔fairly small groups of workers brought together from
throughout the organization to solve specific quality, productivity, or service problems
✔✔self directed work teams - ✔✔group of employees responsible to an entire work
process/segment that delivers a product to an internal or external customer
✔✔intranets - ✔✔internal networks used to share information with employees
✔✔upward communication - ✔✔flows from lower to higher levels of the organizations
✔✔downward communication - ✔✔from upper levels to lower
✔✔horizontal communication - ✔✔communication on same organizational level, across
or within departments, to inform and support
✔✔diagonal communication - ✔✔individuals from different levels and different
departments communication
✔✔grapevine - ✔✔an informal channel of communication, separate from management's
formal, official communication channels
✔✔human relations - ✔✔study of behavior of individuals and groups in organization
settings
✔✔motivation - ✔✔inner drive that directs person's behavior toward goals
✔✔morale - ✔✔employee's attitude toward job, employer, and colleagues
✔✔intrinsic reward - ✔✔personal satisfaction one feels from attaining a goal
✔✔extrinsic reward - ✔✔benefits/recognition one receives from someone else
✔✔classical theory of motivation - ✔✔money is sole motivator for workers
✔✔hawthorne effect - ✔✔productivity increases regardless of physical conditions
, ✔✔physiological needs - ✔✔water, food, shelter, clothes
✔✔security needs - ✔✔protection from physical and economic harm
✔✔social needs - ✔✔need for love, companionship and friendship
✔✔esteem needs - ✔✔self respect, and from others
✔✔self actuatlization - ✔✔being the best you can be
✔✔hygiene factors - ✔✔relate to work setting, not to content of work
✔✔motivational factors - ✔✔relate to content of work itself
✔✔theory x - ✔✔assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do
their jobs
✔✔theory y - ✔✔assume that workers like to work and will seek responsibility under
proper conditions
✔✔theory z - ✔✔stresses employee participation in al aspects of decision making in
company.
✔✔equity theory - ✔✔how much peopler willing to contribute to an organization
depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in
exchange
✔✔expectancy theory - ✔✔motivation depends not only on how much a person wants
something, but also the likelihood they think they'll get it
✔✔goal setting theory - ✔✔goals help direct attention to outcome, mobilize efforts,
develop consistent behavior patterns, and create strategies
✔✔management by objective - ✔✔managers and employees need to agree on and
understand goals
✔✔behavior modification - ✔✔changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions
by relating consequences of behavior to the behavior itself
✔✔reinforcement theory - ✔✔behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the
use of rewards and punishments