FOOD SCIENCE CDE MAIN EXAMINATION MANUAL
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔D-glucose - ✔✔OH on right
Blood sugar
✔✔hawthorn convention - ✔✔Pyranose ring
✔✔Alpha D-glucose - ✔✔OH group points down
(OH on oppsoite side from Carbon 6)
✔✔Beta D-glucose - ✔✔OH up
(OH on same side as carbon 6)
✔✔Alpha and beta configurations of glucose determine:
a.) whether its blood sugar or artificial sweetener
b.) how well it is digested
c.) whether or not it is an aldose or ketose sugar
d.) whether or not it's sexy - ✔✔b.) digestion
✔✔Which monosaccharide is the sweetest sugar? - ✔✔fructose
✔✔Which monosaccharide is a ketose sugar? - ✔✔fructose
✔✔disaccharides - ✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose
✔✔The bonds between two monosaccharides are: - ✔✔glycosidic
✔✔Condensation reactions - ✔✔a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
combine to produce water or another simple molecule
✔✔glucose + glucose - ✔✔maltose
✔✔Glucose + fructose - ✔✔sucrose
✔✔Glucose + galactose - ✔✔lactose
✔✔Which sugar is least sweet?
a.) lactose
b.) sucrose
c.) maltose - ✔✔lactose
, ✔✔What are the properties of sugars? - ✔✔used for sweetness, form syrups, form
crystals when water evaporates, supply energy, readily fermented, important in bread
making
✔✔true or false; a hot sucrose solution can have more sugar than a cold one? -
✔✔true-- with heat, it can become supersaturated
✔✔reducing sugars require a free ____ group - ✔✔carbonyl
✔✔Malliard Reaction - ✔✔process of sugar breaking down in the presence of protein
which results in a darkening in color and pleasing nutty taste.
✔✔which of the following is NOT a property of sugar?
a. Gives body and mouth feel to food
b. prevents growth of bacteria in high concentrations
c. when supersaturated, hot solution is cooled, extra sugar will crystalize out of solution
resulting in candy
d.) Monosaccharides react with lipids to undergo malliard reaction - ✔✔d.)
monosaccharides must react with amino acids
✔✔Sugar alcohols are a reduction of: - ✔✔carbonyl to hydroxyl
✔✔xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol are examples of: - ✔✔sugar alcohols
✔✔Which of the following could cause tooth decay?
a.) xylitol
b.) sorbitol
c.) mannitol
d.) fructose - ✔✔fructose
✔✔Which of the following is false about sugar alcohols?
a.) They're not as sweet as sugar
b.) they have the same caloric value as sugars
c.) sorbital is converted by the body to glucose instead of fructose so that it does not
affect the blood sugar as much
d.) it is not fermented by microorganisms - ✔✔c.)
Sorbital is converted to fructose, NOT glucose
✔✔Name one oligosaccharide - ✔✔raffinose
✔✔Raffinose - ✔✔trisaccharide that occurs in dry beans and peas
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔D-glucose - ✔✔OH on right
Blood sugar
✔✔hawthorn convention - ✔✔Pyranose ring
✔✔Alpha D-glucose - ✔✔OH group points down
(OH on oppsoite side from Carbon 6)
✔✔Beta D-glucose - ✔✔OH up
(OH on same side as carbon 6)
✔✔Alpha and beta configurations of glucose determine:
a.) whether its blood sugar or artificial sweetener
b.) how well it is digested
c.) whether or not it is an aldose or ketose sugar
d.) whether or not it's sexy - ✔✔b.) digestion
✔✔Which monosaccharide is the sweetest sugar? - ✔✔fructose
✔✔Which monosaccharide is a ketose sugar? - ✔✔fructose
✔✔disaccharides - ✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose
✔✔The bonds between two monosaccharides are: - ✔✔glycosidic
✔✔Condensation reactions - ✔✔a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
combine to produce water or another simple molecule
✔✔glucose + glucose - ✔✔maltose
✔✔Glucose + fructose - ✔✔sucrose
✔✔Glucose + galactose - ✔✔lactose
✔✔Which sugar is least sweet?
a.) lactose
b.) sucrose
c.) maltose - ✔✔lactose
, ✔✔What are the properties of sugars? - ✔✔used for sweetness, form syrups, form
crystals when water evaporates, supply energy, readily fermented, important in bread
making
✔✔true or false; a hot sucrose solution can have more sugar than a cold one? -
✔✔true-- with heat, it can become supersaturated
✔✔reducing sugars require a free ____ group - ✔✔carbonyl
✔✔Malliard Reaction - ✔✔process of sugar breaking down in the presence of protein
which results in a darkening in color and pleasing nutty taste.
✔✔which of the following is NOT a property of sugar?
a. Gives body and mouth feel to food
b. prevents growth of bacteria in high concentrations
c. when supersaturated, hot solution is cooled, extra sugar will crystalize out of solution
resulting in candy
d.) Monosaccharides react with lipids to undergo malliard reaction - ✔✔d.)
monosaccharides must react with amino acids
✔✔Sugar alcohols are a reduction of: - ✔✔carbonyl to hydroxyl
✔✔xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol are examples of: - ✔✔sugar alcohols
✔✔Which of the following could cause tooth decay?
a.) xylitol
b.) sorbitol
c.) mannitol
d.) fructose - ✔✔fructose
✔✔Which of the following is false about sugar alcohols?
a.) They're not as sweet as sugar
b.) they have the same caloric value as sugars
c.) sorbital is converted by the body to glucose instead of fructose so that it does not
affect the blood sugar as much
d.) it is not fermented by microorganisms - ✔✔c.)
Sorbital is converted to fructose, NOT glucose
✔✔Name one oligosaccharide - ✔✔raffinose
✔✔Raffinose - ✔✔trisaccharide that occurs in dry beans and peas
