PULMONARY PART 2 NEWEST 2025 &
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Which type of factors most likely explains the variance in lung cancer development
among adults with similar smoking histories?
A. Social factors
B. Genetic factors
C. Occupational factors
D. Environmental factors - answerB
Which best describes the pathophysiology involved in a patient who has asthma as a
lower respiratory disease?
A. Genetic variation in the gene that controls the normal synthesis and activity of beta-
adrenergic receptors
B. Chronic yet usually intermittent body response that can lead to night-time awakening
with respiratory symptoms
C. Collapse of the walls of bronchioles and alveolar air sacs secondary to lung
proteases leading to airway structures
D. Airway obstruction secondary to inflammation and/or bronchoconstriction secondary
to airway hyperresponsiveness - answerD
Which sign or symptom is an indicator of an asthma attack? Select all that apply.
A. Eosinophils in the sputum
B. Muscle retraction between the ribs
C. Audible wheeze, especially on exhalation
D. Increased, then decreased arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level
E. Decreased forced expiratory volume in the 1 second (FEV1) on flowmeter - answerA,
B, C, E
Occupational exposure to which material increases a person's risk for lung cancer?
A. Nickel
B. Nitric acid
C. Nitric oxide
D. N-acetylcysteine - answerA
Which condition is characterized by the appearance of lung tissue in a honeycomb
pattern in high-resolution CT?
,A. Sarcoidosis
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases - answerC
Which symptom would be found in a patient with respiratory muscle fatigue?
A. Silent chest on auscultation
B. Slow breathing with deep respirations
C. Respiratory rate of 25 to 35 breaths/min
D. Sucked-in abdominal wall during inspiration - answerD
Inhaled corticosteroids are typically used to treat which symptom of asthma?
A. Bronchial spasms
B. Airway inflammation
C. Bronchial secretions
D. Airway hyperresponsiveness - answerB
Which level of severity will the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) have with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity
(FVC) of 65% of predicted value and an FEV1 of 55% of the predicted value?
A. I; mild
B. III; severe
C. II; moderate
D. IV; very severe - answerC
Which quality of sputum may occur if bleeding from a cancerous tumor in the lung is
present?
A. Thick
B. Minimal
C. Purulent
D. Pink-tinged - answerD
Which two major categories are included in asthma medications?
A. Control and reliever
B. Preventive and quick acting
C. Steroids and bronchodilators
D. Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories - answerA
Which drug may induce idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
A. Amiodarone
, B. Azathioprine
C. Chlorambucil
D. Cyclophosphamide - answerA
Which symptom is specific for asthma compared with other chronic lung disorders?
A. The patient is coughing.
B. The patient has dyspnea.
C. It affects only young people.
D. The patient is symptom-free between exacerbations. - answerD
Occupational exposure to which material increases a person's risk for lung cancer?
A. Coal
B. Copper
C. Chlorine
D. Citric acid - answerA
Which finding would the nurse expect to note during mild activity of a patient with class
III pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)? Select all that apply.
A. Fatigue
B. Dependent edema
C. Dyspnea on exertion
D. Jugular vein distention
E. Ascites with hepatomegaly - answerA, B, C, D, E
Which nursing intervention will help prevent chronic fatigue in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?
A. Encouraging the patient to work with the arms raised
B. Teaching the patient to not rush through morning activities
C. Suggesting that the patient avoid high energy-use tasks such as walking
D. Allowing the patient to eat, bathe, and groom himself or herself during acute
exacerbations - answerB
Which rationale is appropriate for prescribing a mucolytic for a patient diagnosed with
chronic bronchitis?
A. Mucolytics decrease secretion production.
B. Mucolytics increase gas exchange in the lower airways.
C. Mucolytics thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate.
D. Mucolytics provide bronchodilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). - answerC
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Which type of factors most likely explains the variance in lung cancer development
among adults with similar smoking histories?
A. Social factors
B. Genetic factors
C. Occupational factors
D. Environmental factors - answerB
Which best describes the pathophysiology involved in a patient who has asthma as a
lower respiratory disease?
A. Genetic variation in the gene that controls the normal synthesis and activity of beta-
adrenergic receptors
B. Chronic yet usually intermittent body response that can lead to night-time awakening
with respiratory symptoms
C. Collapse of the walls of bronchioles and alveolar air sacs secondary to lung
proteases leading to airway structures
D. Airway obstruction secondary to inflammation and/or bronchoconstriction secondary
to airway hyperresponsiveness - answerD
Which sign or symptom is an indicator of an asthma attack? Select all that apply.
A. Eosinophils in the sputum
B. Muscle retraction between the ribs
C. Audible wheeze, especially on exhalation
D. Increased, then decreased arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level
E. Decreased forced expiratory volume in the 1 second (FEV1) on flowmeter - answerA,
B, C, E
Occupational exposure to which material increases a person's risk for lung cancer?
A. Nickel
B. Nitric acid
C. Nitric oxide
D. N-acetylcysteine - answerA
Which condition is characterized by the appearance of lung tissue in a honeycomb
pattern in high-resolution CT?
,A. Sarcoidosis
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases - answerC
Which symptom would be found in a patient with respiratory muscle fatigue?
A. Silent chest on auscultation
B. Slow breathing with deep respirations
C. Respiratory rate of 25 to 35 breaths/min
D. Sucked-in abdominal wall during inspiration - answerD
Inhaled corticosteroids are typically used to treat which symptom of asthma?
A. Bronchial spasms
B. Airway inflammation
C. Bronchial secretions
D. Airway hyperresponsiveness - answerB
Which level of severity will the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) have with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity
(FVC) of 65% of predicted value and an FEV1 of 55% of the predicted value?
A. I; mild
B. III; severe
C. II; moderate
D. IV; very severe - answerC
Which quality of sputum may occur if bleeding from a cancerous tumor in the lung is
present?
A. Thick
B. Minimal
C. Purulent
D. Pink-tinged - answerD
Which two major categories are included in asthma medications?
A. Control and reliever
B. Preventive and quick acting
C. Steroids and bronchodilators
D. Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories - answerA
Which drug may induce idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
A. Amiodarone
, B. Azathioprine
C. Chlorambucil
D. Cyclophosphamide - answerA
Which symptom is specific for asthma compared with other chronic lung disorders?
A. The patient is coughing.
B. The patient has dyspnea.
C. It affects only young people.
D. The patient is symptom-free between exacerbations. - answerD
Occupational exposure to which material increases a person's risk for lung cancer?
A. Coal
B. Copper
C. Chlorine
D. Citric acid - answerA
Which finding would the nurse expect to note during mild activity of a patient with class
III pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)? Select all that apply.
A. Fatigue
B. Dependent edema
C. Dyspnea on exertion
D. Jugular vein distention
E. Ascites with hepatomegaly - answerA, B, C, D, E
Which nursing intervention will help prevent chronic fatigue in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?
A. Encouraging the patient to work with the arms raised
B. Teaching the patient to not rush through morning activities
C. Suggesting that the patient avoid high energy-use tasks such as walking
D. Allowing the patient to eat, bathe, and groom himself or herself during acute
exacerbations - answerB
Which rationale is appropriate for prescribing a mucolytic for a patient diagnosed with
chronic bronchitis?
A. Mucolytics decrease secretion production.
B. Mucolytics increase gas exchange in the lower airways.
C. Mucolytics thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate.
D. Mucolytics provide bronchodilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). - answerC
