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Samenvatting Kindergeneeskunde - Klinische Colleges

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Bevat alle klinische colleges voor Kindergeneeskunde, specifiek gericht op semeiologie en neonatologie aan de KU Leuven. Dit materiaal is essentieel voor het begrijpen van normale versus afwijkende bevindingen bij neonaten.

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KINDERGENEESKUNDE:
KLINISCHE COLLEGES
Inhoudsopgave
SEMEIOLOGIE NEONATOLOGIE.........................................................................3
1. ALGEMENE PRINCIPES........................................................................................................ 3
2. ANAMNESE................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Maternale voorgeschiedenis...................................................................................3
2.2 Familiale anamnese............................................................................................... 3
2.3 Psychosociaal......................................................................................................... 4
2.4 Zwangerschapsverloop.......................................................................................... 4
2.5 Arbeid en bevalling................................................................................................ 4
2.6 Neonatale adaptatie............................................................................................... 4
2.7 APGAR-score (1 en 5 minuten)...............................................................................4
2.8. POSTNATAAL VERLOOP......................................................................................... 5
2.9. ICTERUS – WANNEER EXPLOREREN?...............................................................................5
3. SYSTEMATISCH KLINISCH ONDERZOEK........................................................................5
Observatie vóór manipulatie........................................................................................5
Biometrie...................................................................................................................... 6
4. HUIDINSPECTIE................................................................................................................ 6
4.1 Normaal / Frequent / Benigne.................................................................................6
4.2 Abnormaal / Cave................................................................................................... 8
5. SCHEDEL EN GELAAT....................................................................................................... 9
schedel......................................................................................................................... 9
OGEN en gelaatsexpressie......................................................................................... 10
6. THORAX..................................................................................................................... 12
7. ABDOMEN, GENITALIA EN ANALE STREEK...........................................................................13
abdomen.................................................................................................................... 13
GENITALIA en anale streek.........................................................................................13
8. RUG........................................................................................................................... 14
9. HEUPEN EN LEDEMATEN................................................................................................. 15
10. NEUROLOGISCH....................................................................................................... 16
11. SYNDROMEN HERKENNEN.......................................................................................18
12. PROBLEEMGERICHT ONDERZOEK............................................................................18
13. ONTSLAGCONTROLE................................................................................................ 19
SEMEIOLOGIE KINDERGENEESKUNDE.............................................................20
ANAMNESE EN INSPECTIE..................................................................................................... 20
1. ALGEMENE ASPECTEN VAN HET CONSULT.............................................................20
2. DE ANAMNESe........................................................................................................ 20
3. ACTOREN IN DE HETERO-ANAMNESE.....................................................................21
4. DE INITIËLE BLIK (QUICK LOOK)..............................................................................22
5. INSPECTIE – GLOBAAL............................................................................................ 24
6. INSPECTIE VAN DE HUID.........................................................................................25
7. THORAX EN SKELET................................................................................................ 28

, 8. NEUS-KEEL-OOR (NKO)........................................................................................... 29
PERCUSSIE, PALPATIE EN AUSCULTATIE....................................................................................33
1. PALPATIE EN PERCUSSIE......................................................................................... 33
2. AUSCULTATIE......................................................................................................... 39
NEUROLOGIE EN PSYCHOMOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING.................................................................42
1. NORMALE PSYCHOMOTORE ONTWIKKELING...........................................................42
2. NEUROLOGISCH ONDERZOEK.................................................................................48
3. SPECIFIEKE PATHOLOGIE........................................................................................50
4. LOCOMOTORISCH ONDERZOEK..............................................................................51

,SEMEIOLOGIE NEONATOLOGIE

Wat is normaal – variant – afwijkend – levensbedreigend bij een pasgeboren
baby?

1. ALGEMENE PRINCIPES

Neonatale evaluatie: wat kom je tegen?

Frequent Zeldzaam
Normaal Ernstige levensbedreigende
Varianten van normaal pathologie
Subtiele afwijkingen
Vb: chronische hypertensie,
diabetes…

Kernboodschap:
Aandachtige observatie + systematisch onderzoek = cruciaal

2. ANAMNESE


2.1 MATERNALE VOORGESCHIEDENIS

Medisch

 Diabetes → macrosomie, hypoglycemie
 Infecties (HIV, CMV, toxoplasmose)
 Medicatiegebruik (ook homeopathie)
 Psychiatrische voorgeschiedenis
 Allergie
 Belangrijke ziekten, hospitalisatie(s), ingrepen

Verloskundig

 Complicaties en outcome
o Vorige prematuriteit?
o Neonatale icterus?
o Rhesusincompatibiliteit?
 eerste contact bij bevalling, bloedtransfusie
 tweede contact (tweede zwangerschap): transfer IgG van moeder
naar kind
 As tegen rhesus
 Afbraak RBC foetus
 Na geboorte uitgebreide anemie
o MIU
 Wijze van geboorte
 Borstvoeding


2.2 FAMILIALE ANAMNESE

 Congenitale afwijkingen
 Metabole aandoeningen

,  Gehoor- of nierproblemen
 Syndromen


2.3 PSYCHOSOCIAAL

 Huisvesting
 Taalbarrière
 Middelengebruik
 Intra-familiaal geweld


2.4 ZWANGERSCHAPSVERLOOP

Belangrijk:

Factor Klinische
relevantie
GA Prematuur vs
postmatuur
GBS status Early onset sepsis
OGTT Foetopathia diabetica
Teratogenen FAS
Echo Structurele
afwijkingen malformaties




2.5 ARBEID EN BEVALLING

 Langdurig gebroken vliezen → EOS
 Maternale koorts >38°C → chorioamnionitis
 Meconiumhoudend vruchtwater
 Navelstreng pH


2.6 NEONATALE ADAPTATIE

Fysiologische overgang

1. Eerste ademhaling

2. Longvochtklaring (want longbloedvaten gaan open: hier komt bloed naartoe)

3. Sluiting van rechts  links shunt (als gevolg van bloedcirculatie in longen)

o 1. Foramen ovale
o 2. Ductus arteriosus
o  overgang van foetale naar ‘volwassen’ circulatie
o  wegvallen placenta als gasuitwisselingsorgaan

OPM: door het huilen wordt druk hoger, waardoor lucht in de longen wordt gezogen


2.7 APGAR-SCORE (1 EN 5 MINUTEN)
Paramet 0 1 2
er

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