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Samenvatting Borstpathologie - 2026

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Volledige samenvatting + practica voor Borstpathologie in het Master Geneeskunde programma aan KU Leuven, gebaseerd op de les van prof. Wildiers. Bevat ook de opgeloste meerkeuzevragen tijdens de practica.

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BORSTPATHOLOGIE
PROF. WILDIERS




Examen

• MCQ
• Theorie + CASUS!!

INHOUDSOPGAVE

H7: BORST .................................................................................................................................... 3

1. LEERDOELEN (EXAMENKADER) .....................................................................................................3
2. ANATOMIE ....................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Opbouw ..................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Lymfedrainage ........................................................................................................................4
3. FYSIOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................4
4. DIAGNOSTIEK ...............................................................................................................................5
4.1 ANAMNESE .............................................................................................................................5
4.2 KLINISCH ONDERZOEK ...........................................................................................................5
4.3 BEELDVORMING .....................................................................................................................6
4.3.3 MRI ......................................................................................................................................8
4.3.4. Screening naar metastasen ..................................................................................................8
4.4 CYTO-/HISTOLOGIE .................................................................................................................9
4.5 TRIPLE DIAGNOSTIEK ..............................................................................................................9
5. GOEDAARDIGE BORSTPROBLEMEN ............................................................................................ 10
5.1 VOELBARE MASSa ................................................................................................................. 10
5.2 INFECTIES............................................................................................................................. 11
5.3 TEPELVOCHTVERLIES ............................................................................................................ 12
5.4 GYNAECOMASTIE .................................................................................................................. 12
5.5 PIJN ...................................................................................................................................... 13
6. BORSTKANKER ........................................................................................................................... 14
6.1 EPIDEMIOLOGIE .................................................................................................................... 14
6.2 PATHOLOGIE ........................................................................................................................ 14
6.3 RECEPTORSTATUS ................................................................................................................ 15
6.4 RISICOFACTOREN en beschermfactoren ................................................................................ 15
6.5 ERFELIJKE BORSTKANKER...................................................................................................... 16
6.6 PROGNOSE........................................................................................................................... 16
6.7 STADIËRING .......................................................................................................................... 17
7. BEHANDELING NIET-GEMETASTASEERD ...................................................................................... 18
7.1 Chirurgie ............................................................................................................................... 18
7.2 Radiotherapie........................................................................................................................ 20
7.3 SYSTEEMTHERAPIE ............................................................................................................... 21

, 7.4. chirurgie: reconstructie ......................................................................................................... 23
8. IN SITU CARCINOOM................................................................................................................... 23
9. OPVOLGING ............................................................................................................................... 23
10. GEMETASTASEERDE BORSTKANKER .......................................................................................... 24

BORSTCASUÏSTIEK ......................................................................................................................25

INTERACTIEF COLLEGE 1: BORSTAFWIJKINGEN – FOCUS DIAGNOSTIEK ............................................................... 25
1. Basisprincipe: Triple diagnostiek .............................................................................................. 25
2. Klinisch onderzoek borst .......................................................................................................... 25
3. Gynaecomastie ....................................................................................................................... 26
4. Mastalgie ................................................................................................................................ 27
5. Palpabele nodulus .................................................................................................................. 28
6. Grote snel groeiende tumor...................................................................................................... 29
7. Cyste ...................................................................................................................................... 30
8. Mastitis en abces .................................................................................................................... 31
Subareolair abces ....................................................................................................................... 31
9. Inflammatoire borstkanker ....................................................................................................... 32
10. Tepelvochtverlies .................................................................................................................. 32
11. Paget van de tepel ................................................................................................................. 33
12. Andere klinische beelden ....................................................................................................... 34
INTERACTIEF COLLEGE 2: MALIGNE BORSTPATHOLOGIE ................................................................................. 36
Casus 1 – Vrouw 60 jaar (screeningsmammografie) ...................................................................... 36
Casus 2 – Vrouw 59 jaar (palpabele massa) .................................................................................. 38
Casus 3 – Vrouw 45 jaar (axillaire klier) ......................................................................................... 40
Casus 4 – Vrouw 46 jaar (cystische tumor) .................................................................................... 45
Belangrijkste examenvragen uit dit klinisch college ....................................................................... 47
INTERACTIEF COLLEGE 3: MULTIDISCIPLINAIRE AANPAK ................................................................................. 48
1. Klinische evaluatie .................................................................................................................. 48
2. Beeldvorming .......................................................................................................................... 49
3. Pathologie .............................................................................................................................. 50
4. Stadiëring ............................................................................................................................... 50
5. Initiële behandeling ................................................................................................................. 51
6. Evaluatie na chemotherapie ..................................................................................................... 52
7. Impact BRCA1 mutatie ............................................................................................................ 52
8. Chirurgische beslissing ............................................................................................................ 52
9. Operatie ................................................................................................................................. 53
10. Postoperatieve behandeling ................................................................................................... 53
11. Follow-up na borstkanker ...................................................................................................... 53
12. Mogelijke laattijdige nevenwerkingen ...................................................................................... 53
Belangrijke examenvragen uit deze casus ..................................................................................... 54

,H7: BORST

1. LEERDOELEN (EXAMENKADER)

1. De belangrijkste klachtenpatronen bij borstpathologie kennen.

2. Het klinisch borstonderzoek correct kunnen beschrijven.

3. Screening vs diagnostische mammografie onderscheiden.

4. Triple diagnostiek kennen en toepassen.

5. Technische onderzoeken correct indiceren (mammo, echo, MRI, FNAC, CNB, VACNB).

6. Frequent voorkomende goedaardige letsels herkennen + aanpak kennen.

7. De aanpak beschrijven van:

• Voelbare massa
• Tepelvochtverlies
• Rode borst
• Tepel-/areola-eczeem
• Pijn
• Gynaecomastie

8. Risicofactoren voor borstkanker kennen.

9. In situ vs invasieve borstkanker begrijpen.

10. Borstkanker als heterogene ziekte begrijpen (ER, HER2, TNM, prognose).

, 2. ANATOMIE


2.1 OPBOUW

• 15–20 lobuli (waar melk geproduceerd wordt)
• Lobuli → ducti → sinus lactiferus (melkgangen) → tepel
• Bindweefsel + vetweefsel
• Cooper ligamenten (ophanging en ondersteuning van borstweefsel)


2.2 LYMFEDRAINAGE

Belangrijk voor metastasering.

Regio Kenmerken
Axillair level I Lateraal van de laterale rand van de m. pectoralis minor
Axillair level II Tussen laterale en mediale rand van de m. pectoralis minor, en de interpctorale
klieren
Axillair level III Mediaal van de mediale rand m. pectoralis minor, inclusief zogenaamde
infraclaviculaire klieren
Supraclaviculair Verder stadium
Parasternaal Vooral mediaal gelegen tumoren

Lymfogene metastasering is frequent bij invasieve tumoren (≠ uitgezaaide borstkanker)




3. FYSIOLOGIE



Hormoon Effect
Oestrogeen Ductale proliferatie
Progesteron Lobulaire ontwikkeling
Prolactine Lactatie
Postmenopauze Involutie klierweefsel → vetweefsel

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