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Samenvatting Spijsvertering - Leverpathologie - Roskams

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Deze samenvatting behandelt leverpathologie voor het vak Spijsvertering in de Master Geneeskunde aan KU Leuven, gegeven door prof. Roskams.

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SPIJSVERTERING:

PATHOLOGIE VAN DE LEVER
TANIA ROSKAMS




Examenvragen: mechanistische vragen ipv vanbuiten leren

Opname: per slide een audio

Notities: zie ppt!

LES 1: FUNCTIONELE LEVERPATHOLOGIE

NORMALE LEVERSTRUCTUUR

 Portavelden: bevatten triade van arterie (A), vene (V) en galgang (G).
 Hepatocyten: vormen platen rond sinusoïden.
 Sinusoïden: bevatten Kupffer-cellen (macrofagen) en endotheel.
 Stellaire cellen (HSC): produceren groeifactoren (HGF+, TGFβ–) en spelen rol in
fibrose.
 Progenitorcellen (CK7+, CK19+): bij regeneratie en ductulaire reactie.

HEPATITIS (ONTSTEKINGSLETSELS)

Typen

 Viraal:
o A, B, C, D, E: enkel hepatocyten.
o CMV, EBV, adenovirus: multisystemisch.
 Toxisch: geneesmiddelen of omgevingsfactoren; vaak centrolobulair necrose.
 Auto-immuun: veel plasmacellen; kan leiden tot galwegdestructie (auto-immune
cholangitis).
 Metabool: o.a. ziekte van Wilson (koperstapeling).

Histologische kenmerken

 Mild lobulair: ballonvorming, apoptose.
 Interfasehepatitis: ontsteking aan rand lobulus → periportale fibrose.
 Bridging necrosis: necrose die portale en centrale zones verbindt.
 Hepatitis B: matglashepatocyten, “sanded nuclei”.
 Hepatitis C: steatose, lymfoïde follikels, lobulaire ontsteking.
 Auto-immuun: plasmacellen, soms galwegdestructie.

, STEATOSE EN STEATOHEPATITIS

 Steatose: vetstapeling in hepatocyten (micro-, medio-, macrovesiculair).
 (N)ASH: steatose + ontsteking + Mallory-Denk-lichaampjes.
o NASH: willekeurige vetverdeling, glycogeenrijke kernen.
o ASH: centrolobulaire vetstapeling, satellitosis, megamitochondria.
 Fibrosepatroon: pericellulair/perisinusoidaal (“chicken wire”).
 Gevolgen: evolutie naar micronodulaire cirrose, phlebosclerose, ijzerstapeling.

SPECIFIEKE METABOLE LEVERZIEKTEN

 Hemochromatose: ijzerstapeling (periportaal → centrolobulair); mutatie C282Y.
 Secundaire ijzerstapeling: ijzer in macrofagen.
 α1-antitrypsinedeficiëntie: opstapeling van misvormd enzym (PAS+ globules).

CHOLESTASE (GALSTUWING)

Algemene kenmerken

 Bilirubinostase: opstapeling galpigment (hepatocellulair, canaliculair, Kupffer,
ductulair).
 Cholatestase: opstapeling galzouten.
 Foam cells: schuimende macrofagen.
 Ductulaire reactie: proliferatie van kleine galgangen; CK7+.
 Fibrose: periductulair → porto-portale septa (biliary fibrosis).

Specifieke aandoeningen

 PBC (primaire biliaire cholangitis): granulomateuze ontsteking, plasmacellen.
 PSC (primaire scleroserende cholangitis): periductulaire fibrose,
ductinvolutie.
 Geneesmiddelgeïnduceerde cholestase: o.a. naproxen.
 Vanishing bile duct disease: verlies galgangen, ductulaire reactie.

FIBROSE EN CIRROSE

Mechanisme (“cirrhogenese”)

1. Herhaalde necro-inflammatie (hepatocyten of cholangiocyten).

2. Genezing per secundam → fibrose (littekens).

3. Nodulaire regeneratie (verdikte leverplaten).

4. Vasculaire complicaties (tromboses, abnormale shunts).

Fibrosepatronen

 Perisinusoidale fibrose: bij (N)ASH, alcohol.
 Septale fibrose: bruggen tussen vaten/velden:
o P–P (cholestatisch)
o C–C (cardiale cirrose)
o P–C (chronische hepatitis).
 Actieve septa: met ontstekingscellen.

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