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Samenvatting Bloedsomloop - 2. Semeiologie Hart

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Samenvatting van Deel 2 van Bloedsomloop: Semeiologie Hart.

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HART- EN VAATPATHOLOGIE:

2. SEMEIOLOGIE HART
WERNER BUDTS, E. TROOST




Inhoudsopgave
LES 1: ANAMNESE IN CARDIOLOGIE.................................................................3
THORACALE PIJN................................................................................................................... 3
ANGOR PECTORIS......................................................................................................... 3
Hartinfarct.................................................................................................................... 4
Pericarditis................................................................................................................... 4
aortadissectie............................................................................................................... 5
Longpathologie............................................................................................................. 5
Slokdarmpathologie..................................................................................................... 5
Musculoskeletaal.......................................................................................................... 5
KORTADEMIGHEID................................................................................................................. 6
HARTKLOPPINGEN................................................................................................................. 8
FLAUWVALLEN...................................................................................................................... 9
BESLUIT........................................................................................................................... 10
LES 2: KLINISCH ONDERZOEK........................................................................11
INSPECTIE...................................................................................................................... 11
ARTERIËLE BLOEDDRUKMETING.............................................................................................. 14
PALPATIE........................................................................................................................ 15
Arteriële pulsaties...................................................................................................... 15
Hartfrequentie en pols...............................................................................................15
Ictus cordis................................................................................................................. 15
Oedeem en ascites (palpatie).....................................................................................16
Central Venous Pressure (CVD / JVP)..........................................................................16
één blik, één diagnose...............................................................................................17
PERCUSSIE..................................................................................................................... 17
LES 3: HARTAUSCULTATIE EN HEMODYNAMICA..............................................18
1. STETHOSCOOP & TECHNIEK.............................................................................................. 18
2. AUSCULTATIEZONES........................................................................................................ 18
3. HARTTONEN............................................................................................................... 19
4. BIJKOMENDE TONEN.................................................................................................. 20
5. FUNCTIONEEL GERUIS...................................................................................................... 21
6. SYSTOLISCHE GERUISEN............................................................................................ 21
7. DIASTOLISCHE TONEN & GERUISEN...........................................................................22

, Diastolische stenose................................................................................................... 22
diastolische insufficiëntie...........................................................................................23
8. CONTINUE GERUISEN................................................................................................. 24
9. PERICARDWIJRFGERUIS.............................................................................................. 24
10. SYSTEMATISCHE AANPAK BIJ AUSCULTATIE.............................................................24
EXAMEN-TIP: AUDIO-HERKENNING.......................................................................................26

, LES 1: ANAMNESE IN CARDIOLOGIE

W. Budts

THORACALE PIJN

A. Oorsprong van thoracale pijn

Borstpijn kan afkomstig zijn van zeer diverse structuren:

 Huid
 Spieren
 Botten en gewrichten
 Pericard
 Myocard en kransslagaders
 Aorta
 Pleura en longen
 Slokdarm
 Mediastinum
 Psychogene oorzaken

→ Het karakter van de pijn verschilt afhankelijk van het orgaan waar het vandaan
komt.

B. Cruciale anamnesevragen (OLD CARTS)
1. Onset – Hoe en wanneer begon de pijn? Acuut of geleidelijk?
2. Location – Waar zit de pijn exact?
3. Duration – Hoe lang duurt de pijn?
4. Character – Drukkend, brandend, stekend, knagend?
5. Aggravating factors – Wat lokt de pijn uit? Inspanning? Ademhaling? Liggen?
6. Relieving factors – Rust? Nitro? Vooroverbuigen? Warmte?
7. Timing – Frequentie, patroon?
8. Severity & Associated symptoms
o Dyspnee, zweten, misselijkheid, syncope, hartkloppingen
→ suggereren ernstigere oorzaak ipv banaal




ANGOR PECTORIS

AP = retrosternale drukkende, beklemmende pijn voor korte periode: 5 – 10 min,
veroorzaakt door tijdelijk zuurstoftekort van het myocard door coronair lijden.

Cave: Er is nog evenwicht tussen zuurstofaanvoer en -vraag, maar op de limiet

A. Stabiele inspanningsangor

 Typisch tijdens inspanning of emotie
 Reproducibel patroon
 Kan jarenlang stabiel blijven
 Verbetering door: rust, nitroglycerine

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