Nu 327 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
What is the primary function of the lungs?
gas exchange
________ is transported to the body tissues.
Oxygen
__________ a waste product, is transported out of the body
Carbon dioxide
The exchange of these gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) take place where?
alveolar-capillary membrane
upper airway structures include
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
lower airway structures include
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchipulmonary segments, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles,
acinus
nasal cavity
conducts gases to and from the lungs, and filters, warms, and humidifies the air. rigid box
composed of two-thirds cartilage and one-third bone, which prevents collapse during
movement of air.
vibrissae
large hairs of the nasal cavity
,cilia
sweep foreign particles trapped by mucus into the nasopharynx, where they are swallowed or
expectorated. They line the trachea and bronchi, defense against "invaders" and produce
cough reflex.
How is ciliary function impaired?
smoking, alcohol ingestion, hypothermia, hyperthermia, cold air, low humidity, starvation,
anesthetics, corticosteroids, noxious gases, the common cold, and increased mucus
production
larynx
the transition area between the upper and lower airways. contains epiglottis, vocal chords and
cartilages.
300 million
Adult lungs contain how many alveoli?
alveoli
grapelike clusters of air filled sacs that are responsible for gas exchange
Type II
alveolar cell that produces surfactant
Type I
alveolar cell that lowers surface tension and facilitates gas exchange
Right lung
consists of upper, middle, and lower lobes
,Left lung
consists of upper and lower lobes
bronchial artery system
supplies a small amount of oxygenated blood to the pleura and lung tissues
pulmonary artery system
provides a vast capillary network for O2 and CO2 exchange. Pulmonary artery trunk leaves
RV with unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart
T
T/F Filtration of fluid through pulmonary capillaries is influenced by hydrostatic pressure and
colloid osmotic pressure in the same way as other capillaries
T
T/F Excessive filtration can lead to pulmonary edema, which interferes with normal gas
exchange.
Ventilation
the process of moving air into the lungs and distributing air within the lungs to gas exchange
units (alveoli) for maintenance of oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Where is the neural control of the respiratory system located?
medulla oblongata and pons (respiratory center of the brain)
central chemoreceptors
within the medullary center respond to changes in CO2 level and pH
, peripheral chemoreceptors
located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies respond primarily to decreases in arterial O2
concentration
Hering-Breuer reflex
involves stretch receptors located in the alveolar septa, bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflation of
the lung initiates the response that sends neuronal impulses up the vagus nerve to the medulla
to cause inhibition of inspiration. Therefore, the rate and duration of inspiration are affected.
This reflex is primarily seen in neonates (less so in adults) and at high tidal volumes (greater
than 1500 ml) and prevents overinflation of the lung
proprioceptors
located in the muscles and tendons of movable joints respond to body movement (exercise)
baroreceptors
located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries respond to changes in blood pressure
perfusion
blood flow to alveoli (affected by gravity)
uneven distributed perfusion is due to what factors
Body position
Exercise
Lung zones
pulmonary capillary network
"Low pressure" system
Normal pressure 22/8 to 25/8 mm Hg
Answers
What is the primary function of the lungs?
gas exchange
________ is transported to the body tissues.
Oxygen
__________ a waste product, is transported out of the body
Carbon dioxide
The exchange of these gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) take place where?
alveolar-capillary membrane
upper airway structures include
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
lower airway structures include
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchipulmonary segments, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles,
acinus
nasal cavity
conducts gases to and from the lungs, and filters, warms, and humidifies the air. rigid box
composed of two-thirds cartilage and one-third bone, which prevents collapse during
movement of air.
vibrissae
large hairs of the nasal cavity
,cilia
sweep foreign particles trapped by mucus into the nasopharynx, where they are swallowed or
expectorated. They line the trachea and bronchi, defense against "invaders" and produce
cough reflex.
How is ciliary function impaired?
smoking, alcohol ingestion, hypothermia, hyperthermia, cold air, low humidity, starvation,
anesthetics, corticosteroids, noxious gases, the common cold, and increased mucus
production
larynx
the transition area between the upper and lower airways. contains epiglottis, vocal chords and
cartilages.
300 million
Adult lungs contain how many alveoli?
alveoli
grapelike clusters of air filled sacs that are responsible for gas exchange
Type II
alveolar cell that produces surfactant
Type I
alveolar cell that lowers surface tension and facilitates gas exchange
Right lung
consists of upper, middle, and lower lobes
,Left lung
consists of upper and lower lobes
bronchial artery system
supplies a small amount of oxygenated blood to the pleura and lung tissues
pulmonary artery system
provides a vast capillary network for O2 and CO2 exchange. Pulmonary artery trunk leaves
RV with unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart
T
T/F Filtration of fluid through pulmonary capillaries is influenced by hydrostatic pressure and
colloid osmotic pressure in the same way as other capillaries
T
T/F Excessive filtration can lead to pulmonary edema, which interferes with normal gas
exchange.
Ventilation
the process of moving air into the lungs and distributing air within the lungs to gas exchange
units (alveoli) for maintenance of oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Where is the neural control of the respiratory system located?
medulla oblongata and pons (respiratory center of the brain)
central chemoreceptors
within the medullary center respond to changes in CO2 level and pH
, peripheral chemoreceptors
located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies respond primarily to decreases in arterial O2
concentration
Hering-Breuer reflex
involves stretch receptors located in the alveolar septa, bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflation of
the lung initiates the response that sends neuronal impulses up the vagus nerve to the medulla
to cause inhibition of inspiration. Therefore, the rate and duration of inspiration are affected.
This reflex is primarily seen in neonates (less so in adults) and at high tidal volumes (greater
than 1500 ml) and prevents overinflation of the lung
proprioceptors
located in the muscles and tendons of movable joints respond to body movement (exercise)
baroreceptors
located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries respond to changes in blood pressure
perfusion
blood flow to alveoli (affected by gravity)
uneven distributed perfusion is due to what factors
Body position
Exercise
Lung zones
pulmonary capillary network
"Low pressure" system
Normal pressure 22/8 to 25/8 mm Hg
