Cisco Enterprise Networking Mastery v2.0:
Advanced Certification Practice Exam a well
detailed practice exam 2025/2026 graded A+
well written !!! 150 Multiple-Choice Questions
| Advanced / Mixed Difficulty | For CCNP/CCIE
Candidates
SECTION 1: NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS & OSI MODEL (Questions 1–10)
Question 1
An engineer is troubleshooting a connectivity issue where a host cannot reach a server on a
different subnet. The engineer observes that ARP requests for the default gateway are not being
answered. At which OSI layer does the problem likely reside?
A) Layer 1 – Physical
B) Layer 2 – Data Link
C) Layer 3 – Network
D) Layer 4 – Transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ARP operates at Layer 2 (Data Link) and resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on
the local network. If ARP requests for the gateway are unanswered, the problem is at Layer 2—
either the gateway's MAC address is not being learned, or the gateway is not responding. Layer
1 issues would cause no link, Layer 3 issues affect routing, and Layer 4 issues affect end-to-end
transport.
,Question 2
Which of the following is a characteristic of the TCP/IP model's Internet layer?
A) Provides error detection and recovery
B) Provides logical addressing and routing
C) Provides flow control and sequencing
D) Provides physical transmission of bits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Internet layer of the TCP/IP model (equivalent to OSI Layer 3) provides logical
addressing (IP addresses) and routing of packets across networks. Error detection and recovery,
flow control, and sequencing are functions of the Transport layer. Physical transmission is the
function of the Network Access layer.
Question 3
A Cisco router receives a frame with a destination MAC address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. What
action does the router take?
A) Drops the frame because it is a broadcast
B) Processes the frame as a broadcast and forwards it to all interfaces except the incoming one
C) Forwards the frame to the default gateway
D) Sends an ARP request for the destination IP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A destination MAC address of all F's is a Layer 2 broadcast. By default, routers will
process broadcast frames (if they are intended for the router's IP) and forward them to all other
interfaces if they are IP broadcasts (limited or directed) depending on configuration. However,
the frame itself is a Layer 2 broadcast, and the router will not forward it to other interfaces as a
Layer 2 broadcast because routers do not forward Layer 2 broadcasts. Actually, the correct
behavior: A router does not forward Layer 2 broadcasts; it drops them unless they are IP
broadcasts that are meant to be forwarded. For a pure Ethernet broadcast frame (not an IP
broadcast), the router will drop it. The question may be ambiguous. Let's rephrase: The
question expects that a router will drop a Layer 2 broadcast because it is not a switch. So
answer A is correct. Let's choose A.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A router does not forward Layer 2 broadcast frames (destination MAC address all F's)
because routing is a Layer 3 function, and broadcasts are confined to the local network
,segment. Unlike switches, which flood broadcasts, routers drop them unless they are
specifically configured for directed broadcasts (which is disabled by default).
Question 4
Which PDU is associated with the Network layer in the OSI model?
A) Frame
B) Packet
C) Segment
D) Bit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Network layer (Layer 3) uses the PDU called a "packet." Frames are Layer 2,
segments are Layer 4 (TCP), and bits are Layer 1. This is a fundamental concept for Cisco
certification exams.
Question 5
In IPv6, which type of address is used for multicast groups and begins with the prefix FF00::/8?
A) Unicast
B) Anycast
C) Multicast
D) Broadcast
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8. They are used to send packets to
multiple interfaces identified by a multicast group address. IPv6 does not have broadcast
addresses; its functionality is replaced by multicast.
Question 6
A network engineer configures a router interface with the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:1::1/64. What
type of IPv6 address is this?
A) Link-Local
B) Unique Local
C) Global Unicast
D) Multicast
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 2001:DB8::/32 is reserved for documentation (RFC 3849) but is still considered a
Global Unicast address range. Global Unicast addresses are globally routable on the IPv6
Internet and start with the 2000::/3 prefix. Link-Local starts with FE80::/10, Unique Local with
FD00::/8, and Multicast with FF00::/8.
Question 7
What is the primary function of the Session layer (Layer 5) in the OSI model?
A) Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications
B) Provides data compression and encryption
C) Provides reliable end-to-end communication
D) Provides routing and logical addressing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Session layer (Layer 5) establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between
applications. It provides dialog control and synchronization. Data compression and encryption
are typically associated with the Presentation layer, reliable end-to-end communication with the
Transport layer, and routing with the Network layer.
Question 8
Which Cisco IOS command displays the MAC address table of a switch?
A) show mac-address-table
B) show mac address-table
C) show cam-table
D) show bridge mac
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct command on Catalyst switches is show mac address-table. Some older
IOS versions may accept show mac-address-table, but the current standard is show mac
address-table. The other options are not valid.
Question 9
A host sends an IPv4 packet with a TTL of 1. The destination is on a remote network. What will
happen when the first router receives this packet?
Advanced Certification Practice Exam a well
detailed practice exam 2025/2026 graded A+
well written !!! 150 Multiple-Choice Questions
| Advanced / Mixed Difficulty | For CCNP/CCIE
Candidates
SECTION 1: NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS & OSI MODEL (Questions 1–10)
Question 1
An engineer is troubleshooting a connectivity issue where a host cannot reach a server on a
different subnet. The engineer observes that ARP requests for the default gateway are not being
answered. At which OSI layer does the problem likely reside?
A) Layer 1 – Physical
B) Layer 2 – Data Link
C) Layer 3 – Network
D) Layer 4 – Transport
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ARP operates at Layer 2 (Data Link) and resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on
the local network. If ARP requests for the gateway are unanswered, the problem is at Layer 2—
either the gateway's MAC address is not being learned, or the gateway is not responding. Layer
1 issues would cause no link, Layer 3 issues affect routing, and Layer 4 issues affect end-to-end
transport.
,Question 2
Which of the following is a characteristic of the TCP/IP model's Internet layer?
A) Provides error detection and recovery
B) Provides logical addressing and routing
C) Provides flow control and sequencing
D) Provides physical transmission of bits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Internet layer of the TCP/IP model (equivalent to OSI Layer 3) provides logical
addressing (IP addresses) and routing of packets across networks. Error detection and recovery,
flow control, and sequencing are functions of the Transport layer. Physical transmission is the
function of the Network Access layer.
Question 3
A Cisco router receives a frame with a destination MAC address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. What
action does the router take?
A) Drops the frame because it is a broadcast
B) Processes the frame as a broadcast and forwards it to all interfaces except the incoming one
C) Forwards the frame to the default gateway
D) Sends an ARP request for the destination IP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A destination MAC address of all F's is a Layer 2 broadcast. By default, routers will
process broadcast frames (if they are intended for the router's IP) and forward them to all other
interfaces if they are IP broadcasts (limited or directed) depending on configuration. However,
the frame itself is a Layer 2 broadcast, and the router will not forward it to other interfaces as a
Layer 2 broadcast because routers do not forward Layer 2 broadcasts. Actually, the correct
behavior: A router does not forward Layer 2 broadcasts; it drops them unless they are IP
broadcasts that are meant to be forwarded. For a pure Ethernet broadcast frame (not an IP
broadcast), the router will drop it. The question may be ambiguous. Let's rephrase: The
question expects that a router will drop a Layer 2 broadcast because it is not a switch. So
answer A is correct. Let's choose A.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A router does not forward Layer 2 broadcast frames (destination MAC address all F's)
because routing is a Layer 3 function, and broadcasts are confined to the local network
,segment. Unlike switches, which flood broadcasts, routers drop them unless they are
specifically configured for directed broadcasts (which is disabled by default).
Question 4
Which PDU is associated with the Network layer in the OSI model?
A) Frame
B) Packet
C) Segment
D) Bit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Network layer (Layer 3) uses the PDU called a "packet." Frames are Layer 2,
segments are Layer 4 (TCP), and bits are Layer 1. This is a fundamental concept for Cisco
certification exams.
Question 5
In IPv6, which type of address is used for multicast groups and begins with the prefix FF00::/8?
A) Unicast
B) Anycast
C) Multicast
D) Broadcast
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8. They are used to send packets to
multiple interfaces identified by a multicast group address. IPv6 does not have broadcast
addresses; its functionality is replaced by multicast.
Question 6
A network engineer configures a router interface with the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:1::1/64. What
type of IPv6 address is this?
A) Link-Local
B) Unique Local
C) Global Unicast
D) Multicast
, Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 2001:DB8::/32 is reserved for documentation (RFC 3849) but is still considered a
Global Unicast address range. Global Unicast addresses are globally routable on the IPv6
Internet and start with the 2000::/3 prefix. Link-Local starts with FE80::/10, Unique Local with
FD00::/8, and Multicast with FF00::/8.
Question 7
What is the primary function of the Session layer (Layer 5) in the OSI model?
A) Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications
B) Provides data compression and encryption
C) Provides reliable end-to-end communication
D) Provides routing and logical addressing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Session layer (Layer 5) establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between
applications. It provides dialog control and synchronization. Data compression and encryption
are typically associated with the Presentation layer, reliable end-to-end communication with the
Transport layer, and routing with the Network layer.
Question 8
Which Cisco IOS command displays the MAC address table of a switch?
A) show mac-address-table
B) show mac address-table
C) show cam-table
D) show bridge mac
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct command on Catalyst switches is show mac address-table. Some older
IOS versions may accept show mac-address-table, but the current standard is show mac
address-table. The other options are not valid.
Question 9
A host sends an IPv4 packet with a TTL of 1. The destination is on a remote network. What will
happen when the first router receives this packet?
