,BIOL251/BIOL 251 Module 6 Exam | Human Anatomy &
Physiology I w/ Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A | 2026/2027
(PDF)
**1. What are the two primary divisions of the human nervous system?**
A) Somatic and Autonomic
B) Central and Peripheral
C) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
D) Afferent and Efferent
Correct Answer: Central and Peripheral
Rationale: The nervous system is structurally divided into the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of
the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nervous tissue
outside the CNS. The somatic and autonomic divisions are functional subdivisions of the PNS, while
afferent and efferent describe the direction of signal transmission.
**2. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?**
A) Receiving sensory input
B) Integrating information
C) Producing red blood cells
D) Responding to stimuli with motor output
Correct Answer: Producing red blood cells
Rationale: The nervous system's three primary functions are receiving sensory input, integrating that
information, and generating motor output or other responses. Hematopoiesis (production of red blood
cells) is a function of the skeletal system, specifically occurring in red bone marrow.
**3. The scientific term for a nerve cell is:**
A) Nephron
,B) Neuron
C) Neuroglia
D) Neurilemma
Correct Answer: Neuron
Rationale: The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system, responsible for
transmitting nerve impulses. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, neuroglia are supporting
cells of the nervous system, and neurilemma is the outermost layer of the Schwann cell sheath.
**4. Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons?**
A) Axon
B) Axon terminal
C) Cell body (soma) and dendrites
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: Cell body (soma) and dendrites
Rationale: Dendrites and the cell body (soma) are the receptive regions of a neuron. They receive
incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit them toward the axon hillock.
The axon transmits impulses away from the cell body, and the myelin sheath insulates the axon.
**5. The two types of cells that make up nervous tissue are:**
A) Neurons and nephrons
B) Neurons and neuroglia
C) Neuroglia and nephrons
D) Axons and dendrites
Correct Answer: Neurons and neuroglia
, Rationale: Nervous tissue is composed of two principal cell types: neurons, which are the excitable cells
that transmit signals, and neuroglia (glial cells), which provide support, protection, and nourishment to
neurons. Nephrons are kidney cells, and axons and dendrites are parts of neurons.
**6. Neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are called:**
A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Astrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) Microglia
Correct Answer: Schwann cells
Rationale: Schwann cells are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system that produce myelin sheaths
around axons. Oligodendrocytes perform this function in the central nervous system. Astrocytes support
neurons and maintain the blood-brain barrier, and microglia are immune cells of the CNS.
**7. Neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths in the central nervous system are called:**
A) Schwann cells
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Astrocytes
D) Satellite cells
Correct Answer: Oligodendrocytes
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system, each extending
processes to myelinate multiple axons. Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS. Astrocytes provide
structural and metabolic support, and satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia.
**8. What is the approximate resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?**
A) +30 mV
B) -55 mV
Physiology I w/ Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A | 2026/2027
(PDF)
**1. What are the two primary divisions of the human nervous system?**
A) Somatic and Autonomic
B) Central and Peripheral
C) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
D) Afferent and Efferent
Correct Answer: Central and Peripheral
Rationale: The nervous system is structurally divided into the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of
the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nervous tissue
outside the CNS. The somatic and autonomic divisions are functional subdivisions of the PNS, while
afferent and efferent describe the direction of signal transmission.
**2. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?**
A) Receiving sensory input
B) Integrating information
C) Producing red blood cells
D) Responding to stimuli with motor output
Correct Answer: Producing red blood cells
Rationale: The nervous system's three primary functions are receiving sensory input, integrating that
information, and generating motor output or other responses. Hematopoiesis (production of red blood
cells) is a function of the skeletal system, specifically occurring in red bone marrow.
**3. The scientific term for a nerve cell is:**
A) Nephron
,B) Neuron
C) Neuroglia
D) Neurilemma
Correct Answer: Neuron
Rationale: The neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system, responsible for
transmitting nerve impulses. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, neuroglia are supporting
cells of the nervous system, and neurilemma is the outermost layer of the Schwann cell sheath.
**4. Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons?**
A) Axon
B) Axon terminal
C) Cell body (soma) and dendrites
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: Cell body (soma) and dendrites
Rationale: Dendrites and the cell body (soma) are the receptive regions of a neuron. They receive
incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit them toward the axon hillock.
The axon transmits impulses away from the cell body, and the myelin sheath insulates the axon.
**5. The two types of cells that make up nervous tissue are:**
A) Neurons and nephrons
B) Neurons and neuroglia
C) Neuroglia and nephrons
D) Axons and dendrites
Correct Answer: Neurons and neuroglia
, Rationale: Nervous tissue is composed of two principal cell types: neurons, which are the excitable cells
that transmit signals, and neuroglia (glial cells), which provide support, protection, and nourishment to
neurons. Nephrons are kidney cells, and axons and dendrites are parts of neurons.
**6. Neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are called:**
A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Astrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) Microglia
Correct Answer: Schwann cells
Rationale: Schwann cells are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system that produce myelin sheaths
around axons. Oligodendrocytes perform this function in the central nervous system. Astrocytes support
neurons and maintain the blood-brain barrier, and microglia are immune cells of the CNS.
**7. Neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths in the central nervous system are called:**
A) Schwann cells
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Astrocytes
D) Satellite cells
Correct Answer: Oligodendrocytes
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system, each extending
processes to myelinate multiple axons. Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS. Astrocytes provide
structural and metabolic support, and satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia.
**8. What is the approximate resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?**
A) +30 mV
B) -55 mV
