2
KTW Patho Exam 4 Review Maryville University questions
|| || || || || || || ||
with verified detailed answers
|| || ||
Acute unilateral renal obstruction & resultant HTN - ✔✔Kidneys require at least 20-25% of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
C. O. Reduced Renal blood flow activates the RAAS system causing constriction of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
peripheral arterioles. This can lead to hypertension
|| || || || || ||
Most common type of renal stone - ✔✔Ca Oxalate
|| || || || || || || ||
Kidney stone causing referred pain to umbilicus - ✔✔because sensory innervation of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
upper part of the ureter arises from 10th thoracic nerve root.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Pyelonephritis - ✔✔infection of ureter, renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium.
|| || || || || || || || ||
WBC casts are indicative of pyelonephritis but not always present.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Two Most common risk factors for Pyelonephritis - ✔✔urinary obstruction & vesicoureteral
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
reflux
Organisms involved in Pyelo - ✔✔E. Coli, proteus, pseudomonas
|| || || || || || || ||
(organisms split urea into ammonia making urine more alkaline which promotes risk of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
stone formation).||
Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial cystitis causes - ✔✔Cause unknown but may have
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
autoimmune component. Causes mast cell activation, altered epithelial permeability,
|| || || || || || || || ||
neuroinflammation, sensory nerve sensitivity. || || ||
Nonbacterial cystitis (causes of) - ✔✔Causes: Viral, mycobacterial, chlamydial, or fungal
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,2
Noninfectious cystitis (causes of) - ✔✔caused by radiation, chemical, autoimmune, or
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
hypersensitivity
Reduced GFR during Glomerular disease is evidenced by what lab test finding -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔increased plasma urea level, increased creatinine, or reduced creatinine clearance.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Acute Glomerulonephritis definition - ✔✔Renal diseases in which glomerular
|| || || || || || || || ||
inflammation is caused by immune mechanisms that damage glomerular capillary filtration
|| || || || || || || || || ||
membrane including the endothelium basement membrane and epithelium (podocytes)
|| || || || || || || || ||
Classic (Seven) Symptoms of Acute Glomerulonephritis - ✔✔Sudden onset of hematuria &
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
RBC casts, mild proteinuria, HTN & oliguria
|| || || || || ||
proteinuria (not as much as in Nephrotic syndrome)
|| || || || || || ||
May also have
|| ||
Impaired Renal Function || ||
Nephrotic Syndrome 5 clinical manifestations - ✔✔Excretion of 3g or > of protein (massive
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
proteinuria)
Hypoalbuminemia (< 3g/dl) || ||
Hyperlipidemia
Peripheral Edema ||
*Nephrotic Syndrome is characteristic of glomerular injury.
|| || || || || ||
, 2
Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome (Three) - ✔✔Minimal Change Diseases (lipoid nephrosis)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ||
Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
|| ||
Systemic Diseases leading to secondary Nephrotic Syndrome - ✔✔Lupus
|| || || || || || || ||
Diabetes Mellitus ||
Amyloidosis
Also with malignancies
|| ||
Vascular disorders ||
drugs
infections
Acute Kidney Injury Lab findings (Six) - ✔✔Renal insufficiency (decline in renal function
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
by 25% of normal or a GFR of 25-30ml/minute
|| || || || || || || ||
Elevated serum Cr levels (if > 50% of GFR is lost and may be delayed by 24 hours)
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic Acidosis ||
Uremia
Good Indicator of Renal Function - ✔✔GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate
|| || || || || || || || ||
KTW Patho Exam 4 Review Maryville University questions
|| || || || || || || ||
with verified detailed answers
|| || ||
Acute unilateral renal obstruction & resultant HTN - ✔✔Kidneys require at least 20-25% of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
C. O. Reduced Renal blood flow activates the RAAS system causing constriction of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
peripheral arterioles. This can lead to hypertension
|| || || || || ||
Most common type of renal stone - ✔✔Ca Oxalate
|| || || || || || || ||
Kidney stone causing referred pain to umbilicus - ✔✔because sensory innervation of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
upper part of the ureter arises from 10th thoracic nerve root.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Pyelonephritis - ✔✔infection of ureter, renal pelvis, and kidney interstitium.
|| || || || || || || || ||
WBC casts are indicative of pyelonephritis but not always present.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Two Most common risk factors for Pyelonephritis - ✔✔urinary obstruction & vesicoureteral
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
reflux
Organisms involved in Pyelo - ✔✔E. Coli, proteus, pseudomonas
|| || || || || || || ||
(organisms split urea into ammonia making urine more alkaline which promotes risk of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
stone formation).||
Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial cystitis causes - ✔✔Cause unknown but may have
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
autoimmune component. Causes mast cell activation, altered epithelial permeability,
|| || || || || || || || ||
neuroinflammation, sensory nerve sensitivity. || || ||
Nonbacterial cystitis (causes of) - ✔✔Causes: Viral, mycobacterial, chlamydial, or fungal
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,2
Noninfectious cystitis (causes of) - ✔✔caused by radiation, chemical, autoimmune, or
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
hypersensitivity
Reduced GFR during Glomerular disease is evidenced by what lab test finding -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔increased plasma urea level, increased creatinine, or reduced creatinine clearance.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Acute Glomerulonephritis definition - ✔✔Renal diseases in which glomerular
|| || || || || || || || ||
inflammation is caused by immune mechanisms that damage glomerular capillary filtration
|| || || || || || || || || ||
membrane including the endothelium basement membrane and epithelium (podocytes)
|| || || || || || || || ||
Classic (Seven) Symptoms of Acute Glomerulonephritis - ✔✔Sudden onset of hematuria &
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
RBC casts, mild proteinuria, HTN & oliguria
|| || || || || ||
proteinuria (not as much as in Nephrotic syndrome)
|| || || || || || ||
May also have
|| ||
Impaired Renal Function || ||
Nephrotic Syndrome 5 clinical manifestations - ✔✔Excretion of 3g or > of protein (massive
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
proteinuria)
Hypoalbuminemia (< 3g/dl) || ||
Hyperlipidemia
Peripheral Edema ||
*Nephrotic Syndrome is characteristic of glomerular injury.
|| || || || || ||
, 2
Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome (Three) - ✔✔Minimal Change Diseases (lipoid nephrosis)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ||
Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
|| ||
Systemic Diseases leading to secondary Nephrotic Syndrome - ✔✔Lupus
|| || || || || || || ||
Diabetes Mellitus ||
Amyloidosis
Also with malignancies
|| ||
Vascular disorders ||
drugs
infections
Acute Kidney Injury Lab findings (Six) - ✔✔Renal insufficiency (decline in renal function
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
by 25% of normal or a GFR of 25-30ml/minute
|| || || || || || || ||
Elevated serum Cr levels (if > 50% of GFR is lost and may be delayed by 24 hours)
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic Acidosis ||
Uremia
Good Indicator of Renal Function - ✔✔GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate
|| || || || || || || || ||
