2
Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2. dr. Wunderlich questions || || || || || || || || ||
with verified detailed answers
|| || ||
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources -
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Parasympathetic nervous system || ||
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - ✔✔Sympathetic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
nervous system (SNS) || ||
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ✔✔blood flow to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
how are primary brain injuries classified - ✔✔focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
focal brain injuries - ✔✔specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
location ||
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages || || ||
diffuse brain injuries - ✔✔include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
damage to blood vessels
|| || || ||
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)|| || || || || || ||
autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔affected at the t5-t6 level or above; characterized by
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
|| || || || || || || ||
,2
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔individual most likely to be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
|| || || || || || || ||
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - ✔✔bradycardia (30-
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
|| || || || ||
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
|| || || || || ||
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
|| || || || ||
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔age, family history
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔low calorie diets,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
presence of apoE2 || ||
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - ✔✔PSEN 1
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
chromosome 21 ||
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - ✔✔postmortem examination
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - ✔✔hypertension (87% of occurrences)
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
what are common risk factors for stroke - ✔✔arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level,
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, || || || || || || || || ||
polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium || || || || || || || || ||
intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
|| || || ||
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection
|| || || || || || || || || ||
such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - ✔✔Guillain-Barre syndrome
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - ✔✔typical first manifestations are
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ascending pattern ||
when can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre - ✔✔weakness usually plateaus or
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
improves by the 4th week in 90% of cases || || || || || || || ||
Myasthenia Gravis - ✔✔a chronic autoimmune disease that is mediated by Ach receptor
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction. The antibodies prevent normal reception
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
for muscle contraction
|| ||
myasthenia gravis clinical manifestations - ✔✔-exertional fatigue and weakness that
|| || || || || || || || || ||
worsens with activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
-a recent history of recurring upper resp tract infections
|| || || || || || || ||
-diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies || || || ||
-facial droop and an expressionless face; difficulty chewing and swallowing associated with
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
dietary changes and weight loss; drooling
|| || || || ||
-episodes of choking and aspiration || || || ||
Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2. dr. Wunderlich questions || || || || || || || || ||
with verified detailed answers
|| || ||
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources -
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Parasympathetic nervous system || ||
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - ✔✔Sympathetic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
nervous system (SNS) || ||
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ✔✔blood flow to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
how are primary brain injuries classified - ✔✔focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
focal brain injuries - ✔✔specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
location ||
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages || || ||
diffuse brain injuries - ✔✔include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
damage to blood vessels
|| || || ||
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)|| || || || || || ||
autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔affected at the t5-t6 level or above; characterized by
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
|| || || || || || || ||
,2
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔individual most likely to be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
|| || || || || || || ||
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - ✔✔bradycardia (30-
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
|| || || || ||
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
|| || || || || ||
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
|| || || || ||
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔age, family history
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔low calorie diets,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
presence of apoE2 || ||
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - ✔✔PSEN 1
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
chromosome 21 ||
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - ✔✔postmortem examination
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - ✔✔hypertension (87% of occurrences)
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
what are common risk factors for stroke - ✔✔arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level,
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, || || || || || || || || ||
polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium || || || || || || || || ||
intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
|| || || ||
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection
|| || || || || || || || || ||
such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - ✔✔Guillain-Barre syndrome
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - ✔✔typical first manifestations are
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ascending pattern ||
when can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre - ✔✔weakness usually plateaus or
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
improves by the 4th week in 90% of cases || || || || || || || ||
Myasthenia Gravis - ✔✔a chronic autoimmune disease that is mediated by Ach receptor
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction. The antibodies prevent normal reception
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
for muscle contraction
|| ||
myasthenia gravis clinical manifestations - ✔✔-exertional fatigue and weakness that
|| || || || || || || || || ||
worsens with activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
-a recent history of recurring upper resp tract infections
|| || || || || || || ||
-diplopia, ptosis, and ocular palsies || || || ||
-facial droop and an expressionless face; difficulty chewing and swallowing associated with
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
dietary changes and weight loss; drooling
|| || || || ||
-episodes of choking and aspiration || || || ||
