CNUR 209 REVIEW | COMPLETE NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
NCLEX REVIEW & EXAM PREP 2026/2027
Evidence-informed practice - ANS ✔✔the ongoing process incorporating evidence from
research, clinical expertise, client preference, and other available resources to make nursing
decisions about clients
Ontology - ANS ✔✔the science of being
Epistemology - ANS ✔✔-branch of philosophy that examines the nature of knowledge, it's
presuppositions, foundations, and its extent and validity
- the theory of knowledge
Primary source - ANS ✔✔source whose author generated the ideas published
Secondary source - ANS ✔✔source whose author summarizes or quotes content from primary
sources
Systematic review - ANS ✔✔structured, comprehensive synthesis of quantitative and outcomes
studies in a particular healthcare area to determine the best research evidence available for
expert clinicians to use to promote evidence-based practice
Meta-analysis - ANS ✔✔statistical analysis carried out to integrate and synthesize findings from
completes studies to determine what is known and not known about a particular research area
Meta-synthesis - ANS ✔✔synthesis of qualitative research involving the critical analysis of
primary qualitative studies and synthesis of findings into a new theory or framework for the
topic of interest
, Integrative review - ANS ✔✔review conducted to identify, analyze, and synthesize the results
from independent studies to determine the current knowledge in a particular area
Post-positivist paradigm - ANS ✔✔- a material world exists
- not all things can be understood, sensed, or placed into a cause-and-effect relationship
- researchers are naturally biased
- objectivity is the ultimate goal
- encourages triangulation and replication of findings
- encourages scrutiny of research and the rejection of poorly conducted research
- explanation, prediction, control
Critical theory paradigm - ANS ✔✔- reality is constructed by those with the most power
- reality is plastic and at all times imperfectly understood
- reality is shaped by numerous forces
- research is a transaction between the researcher and participant
- objectivity is not a desired goal
- the focus of the research is contextual awareness and its relationship to the participants'
understanding of reality
- critique, change, emancipation
Constructivist paradigm - ANS ✔✔- reality is constructed by individual perception
- no absolute truth or validity
- truth is relative, subjective, and based on perception
- research is a transaction between the researcher and participant
- emphasizes the meaning ascribed to human experiences
- context is considered but not emphasized
- objectivity is not a desired goal
NCLEX REVIEW & EXAM PREP 2026/2027
Evidence-informed practice - ANS ✔✔the ongoing process incorporating evidence from
research, clinical expertise, client preference, and other available resources to make nursing
decisions about clients
Ontology - ANS ✔✔the science of being
Epistemology - ANS ✔✔-branch of philosophy that examines the nature of knowledge, it's
presuppositions, foundations, and its extent and validity
- the theory of knowledge
Primary source - ANS ✔✔source whose author generated the ideas published
Secondary source - ANS ✔✔source whose author summarizes or quotes content from primary
sources
Systematic review - ANS ✔✔structured, comprehensive synthesis of quantitative and outcomes
studies in a particular healthcare area to determine the best research evidence available for
expert clinicians to use to promote evidence-based practice
Meta-analysis - ANS ✔✔statistical analysis carried out to integrate and synthesize findings from
completes studies to determine what is known and not known about a particular research area
Meta-synthesis - ANS ✔✔synthesis of qualitative research involving the critical analysis of
primary qualitative studies and synthesis of findings into a new theory or framework for the
topic of interest
, Integrative review - ANS ✔✔review conducted to identify, analyze, and synthesize the results
from independent studies to determine the current knowledge in a particular area
Post-positivist paradigm - ANS ✔✔- a material world exists
- not all things can be understood, sensed, or placed into a cause-and-effect relationship
- researchers are naturally biased
- objectivity is the ultimate goal
- encourages triangulation and replication of findings
- encourages scrutiny of research and the rejection of poorly conducted research
- explanation, prediction, control
Critical theory paradigm - ANS ✔✔- reality is constructed by those with the most power
- reality is plastic and at all times imperfectly understood
- reality is shaped by numerous forces
- research is a transaction between the researcher and participant
- objectivity is not a desired goal
- the focus of the research is contextual awareness and its relationship to the participants'
understanding of reality
- critique, change, emancipation
Constructivist paradigm - ANS ✔✔- reality is constructed by individual perception
- no absolute truth or validity
- truth is relative, subjective, and based on perception
- research is a transaction between the researcher and participant
- emphasizes the meaning ascribed to human experiences
- context is considered but not emphasized
- objectivity is not a desired goal
