BIO 201- MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts ✔️anatomy
study of the functions of the human body and its parts ✔️physiology
subatomic particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism ✔️List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex.
-composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body ✔️cell
layer or mass of cells with specific function ✔️tissue
group of different tissues with a function ✔️organ
group of organs with common function ✔️system/ organ system
maintenance of a stable internal environment ✔️homeostasis
all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life ✔️metabolism
-homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood clotting ✔️positive feedback loop
-homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin ✔️negative feedback loop
1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
,5) pressure ✔️Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors?
-most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature ✔️1) Water
-provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue ✔️2) Food
-one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients ✔️3) Oxygen (gas)
-heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions ✔️4) Heat
-application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing ✔️5) Pressure
1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector ✔️Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism.
detects and provides information about the stimuli ✔️1) receptor
decision- maker that maintains the set point ✔️2) control center
muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes the necessary change in the internal enviroment ✔️3) effector
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary ✔️Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs
the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails
, -protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of vitamin D ✔️integumentary system
bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and movement ✔️skeletal system
skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture ✔️muscular system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
-fast acting control system, responds to changes
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones ✔️nervous system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and thymus
-glands secrete hormones that regulate processes by cells
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones ✔️endrocrine system
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
-blood transport stuff around the body
-transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and waste ✔️cardiovascular system
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
-pick up leaked fluid from blood vessels and returns it to blood
-transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, and body defense ✔️lymphatic system
mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine
-breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
-receives food, excretes waste ✔️digestive system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
-keeps blood constantly supplied
-exchange of gases ✔️respiratory system
male- scrotum, testes, penis, urethra
female- ovaries, uterine/fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina //provides fetal development and childbirth
-production of offspring
-produce and transport sex cells ✔️reproductive system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
-eliminates waste
-removes blood wastes, regulates electrolytes and water balance, blood pressure ✔️urinary system
picture/slides print off
study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts ✔️anatomy
study of the functions of the human body and its parts ✔️physiology
subatomic particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism ✔️List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex.
-composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body ✔️cell
layer or mass of cells with specific function ✔️tissue
group of different tissues with a function ✔️organ
group of organs with common function ✔️system/ organ system
maintenance of a stable internal environment ✔️homeostasis
all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life ✔️metabolism
-homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood clotting ✔️positive feedback loop
-homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin ✔️negative feedback loop
1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
,5) pressure ✔️Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors?
-most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature ✔️1) Water
-provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue ✔️2) Food
-one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients ✔️3) Oxygen (gas)
-heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions ✔️4) Heat
-application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing ✔️5) Pressure
1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector ✔️Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism.
detects and provides information about the stimuli ✔️1) receptor
decision- maker that maintains the set point ✔️2) control center
muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes the necessary change in the internal enviroment ✔️3) effector
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary ✔️Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs
the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails
, -protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of vitamin D ✔️integumentary system
bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and movement ✔️skeletal system
skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture ✔️muscular system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
-fast acting control system, responds to changes
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones ✔️nervous system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and thymus
-glands secrete hormones that regulate processes by cells
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones ✔️endrocrine system
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
-blood transport stuff around the body
-transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and waste ✔️cardiovascular system
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
-pick up leaked fluid from blood vessels and returns it to blood
-transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, and body defense ✔️lymphatic system
mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine
-breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
-receives food, excretes waste ✔️digestive system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
-keeps blood constantly supplied
-exchange of gases ✔️respiratory system
male- scrotum, testes, penis, urethra
female- ovaries, uterine/fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina //provides fetal development and childbirth
-production of offspring
-produce and transport sex cells ✔️reproductive system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
-eliminates waste
-removes blood wastes, regulates electrolytes and water balance, blood pressure ✔️urinary system
picture/slides print off
