MATSUMOTO CHAPTER 1 AN
INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE AND
PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
cultural psychology examines - ANS >> the cultural foundations of psychological
processes and human behavior
goals of psychology - ANS >> 1. to build a body if knowledge about ppl
2. to apply that body of knowledge to improve ppls lives
psychology has been based on - ANS >> WEIRDOS- western, educated, industrialized,
rich, democratic cultures. not representative of all humans
Culture refers to - ANS >> general characteristics of a society, heritage or tradition, to
origins of a group and describes rules and norms, learning and problem solving and
defines a group or organization
factors that influence the creation of culture - ANS >> group life, environments,
resources, the evolved human mind
group life includes - ANS >> division of labour, efficiency, increase survival probability
environments include - ANS >> climate, population density, arable land, diseases,
previous cultures, contact with other cultures
resources include - ANS >> food, water, money
the evolved human mind includes - ANS >> basic human needs and motives, universal
psychological toolkit
universal psychological toolkit is - ANS >> A set of basic psychological skills and
abilities that people can use to meet their needs. These include complex cognitive skills,
language, emotions, and personality traits.
contents of universal psychological toolkit - ANS >> cognitive abilities, emotions,
personality traits
universal psychological toolkit- cognitive abilities include - ANS >> language, complex
social cognition, memory, hypothetical reasoning, problem solving, planning
, universal psychological toolkit- emotions include - ANS >> basic emotions, self-
conscious emotions, moral emotions
universal psychological toolkit- personality traits include - ANS >> extraversion,
neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, consciousness
i.e O.C E.A.N.
Culture - ANS >> unique information system shared by a group and transmitted across
generations which allows group to meet basic needs, pursue well being and derive
meaning from life
memory allows us to - ANS >> create history, customs and traditions
ratchet effect - ANS >> The concept that humans continually improve on improvements,
that they do not go backward or revert to a previous state. Progress occurs because
improvements move themselves upward, much like a ratchet.
cumulative culture allows - ANS >> human culture to differ from animal cultures on
complexity, differentiation and institutalisation
society - ANS >> a system of interelationships that exist among ppl.
nationality - ANS >> person's country of origin
ethnicity - ANS >> denotes ones racial, national or cultural origins
objective elements of culture - ANS >> clothes, architecture, food, art, eating untensils
subjective elements of culture - ANS >> psychological processes such as attitudes,
values, beliefs, behaviours
values are - ANS >> guiding principles that refer to desirable goals that motivate
behaviour
norms - ANS >> rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its
members eg etiquette, expressive behavior, tightness vs looseness
attitudes - ANS >> opinions, stereotypes, prejudice
hofstedes 5 value dimensions - ANS >> 1. individualism vs collectivism
2. power distance
3. uncertainty avoidance
4. masculine vs feminine
5. long term vs short term
INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE AND
PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
cultural psychology examines - ANS >> the cultural foundations of psychological
processes and human behavior
goals of psychology - ANS >> 1. to build a body if knowledge about ppl
2. to apply that body of knowledge to improve ppls lives
psychology has been based on - ANS >> WEIRDOS- western, educated, industrialized,
rich, democratic cultures. not representative of all humans
Culture refers to - ANS >> general characteristics of a society, heritage or tradition, to
origins of a group and describes rules and norms, learning and problem solving and
defines a group or organization
factors that influence the creation of culture - ANS >> group life, environments,
resources, the evolved human mind
group life includes - ANS >> division of labour, efficiency, increase survival probability
environments include - ANS >> climate, population density, arable land, diseases,
previous cultures, contact with other cultures
resources include - ANS >> food, water, money
the evolved human mind includes - ANS >> basic human needs and motives, universal
psychological toolkit
universal psychological toolkit is - ANS >> A set of basic psychological skills and
abilities that people can use to meet their needs. These include complex cognitive skills,
language, emotions, and personality traits.
contents of universal psychological toolkit - ANS >> cognitive abilities, emotions,
personality traits
universal psychological toolkit- cognitive abilities include - ANS >> language, complex
social cognition, memory, hypothetical reasoning, problem solving, planning
, universal psychological toolkit- emotions include - ANS >> basic emotions, self-
conscious emotions, moral emotions
universal psychological toolkit- personality traits include - ANS >> extraversion,
neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, consciousness
i.e O.C E.A.N.
Culture - ANS >> unique information system shared by a group and transmitted across
generations which allows group to meet basic needs, pursue well being and derive
meaning from life
memory allows us to - ANS >> create history, customs and traditions
ratchet effect - ANS >> The concept that humans continually improve on improvements,
that they do not go backward or revert to a previous state. Progress occurs because
improvements move themselves upward, much like a ratchet.
cumulative culture allows - ANS >> human culture to differ from animal cultures on
complexity, differentiation and institutalisation
society - ANS >> a system of interelationships that exist among ppl.
nationality - ANS >> person's country of origin
ethnicity - ANS >> denotes ones racial, national or cultural origins
objective elements of culture - ANS >> clothes, architecture, food, art, eating untensils
subjective elements of culture - ANS >> psychological processes such as attitudes,
values, beliefs, behaviours
values are - ANS >> guiding principles that refer to desirable goals that motivate
behaviour
norms - ANS >> rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its
members eg etiquette, expressive behavior, tightness vs looseness
attitudes - ANS >> opinions, stereotypes, prejudice
hofstedes 5 value dimensions - ANS >> 1. individualism vs collectivism
2. power distance
3. uncertainty avoidance
4. masculine vs feminine
5. long term vs short term
