CHAPTER 1 - CULTURE AND
PSYCHOLOGY QUESTION WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTION
Culture - ANS >> A unique meaning and information system shared by a group and
transmitted across generations that allows the group to meet basic needs of survival,
pursue happiness, and well-being, and derive meaning from life.
Gender - ANS >> behaviours or patterns of activities that a society or culture deems
appropriate for men and women.
Cross-cultural research - ANS >> Involves participants of differing cultural backgrounds
and allows for comparisons of findings across those cultures.
Religions - ANS >> Organized systems of beliefs, and are important to many people
and cultures. They tie together many attitudes, values, beliefs, worldviews, and norms.
They provide guidelines for living.
Cultural Psychology - ANS >> A sub discipline which examines the cultural foundations
of psychological process.
Etics - ANS >> the universal components of an idea; in cross-cultural psychology,
aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common
Emics - ANS >> The locally relevant components of an idea; in cross-cultural
psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture.
Method Validation Studies - ANS >> A type of Cross-Cultural Research which is
concerned with validity and reliability of studies and whether equivalency exists so the
dependable variable can be applied cross culturally.
Group Life - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture; Division of Labor,
Efficiency, Increase of survivable probability
Environment; Climate, Population Density, Arable Land; Diseases; Previous Cultures;
Contact with Other Cultures - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture
Resources - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture; Food, Water, Money
The Evolved Human Mind; Basic Human Needs and Motives, Universal Psychological
Toolkit. - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture
, Universal Human Toolkit - ANS >> A set of basic psychological skills that people can
use to meet their needs; Cognitive Abilities (language, planning etc), Emotions (Morals,
Basic, Self conscious), Personality Traits (Openness, Extroversion, Neuroticism)
Shared Intentionality - ANS >> Knowledge about motivations concerning behaviors that
are common among people in a group
Ratchet Effect - ANS >> The concept that humans continually improve on
improvements, that they do not go backward or revert to a previous state. Progress
occurs because improvements move themselves upward, much like a ratchet.
Functional Understanding of Culture - ANS >> Group Life -.> Social Complexity -> Need
for Social Coordination -> Culture -> Behaviours That Increase Social Cooridination ->
Group Life cont.
Society - ANS >> A system of interrelationships among people
Values - ANS >> A trans-situational goal that serve as a guiding principle of a person or
group. Use to motivated and justify behaviour.
Subjective Elements of Culture - ANS >> Values, Beliefs, Norms, Attitudes, Worldviews
Individualism vs. Collectivism - ANS >> Describes whether a person functions primarily
as an individual or as part of a group. One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Power Distance - ANS >> Degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in
the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical
and intellectual capabilities and heritage. One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Uncertainty Avoidance - ANS >> Extent to which cultures socialize members to accept
ambiguous situations and to tolerate uncertainty. One of Hofstede's Five Value
Dimension
Masculinity vs. Femininity - ANS >> One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Characterised on one pole by success, money, and things; and on the other by caring
for others, and quality of life. Refers to the distribution of emotional roles between males
and females.
Long- versus short-term orientation - ANS >> distinguishes between cultures that have
a forward looking perspective on life and those that are more concerned with the past
and present. One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Hofsteded's Dimensions - ANS >> Individualism vs. Collectivism;
Power Distance;
Long- versus short-term orientation;
Masculinity vs. Femininity;
PSYCHOLOGY QUESTION WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTION
Culture - ANS >> A unique meaning and information system shared by a group and
transmitted across generations that allows the group to meet basic needs of survival,
pursue happiness, and well-being, and derive meaning from life.
Gender - ANS >> behaviours or patterns of activities that a society or culture deems
appropriate for men and women.
Cross-cultural research - ANS >> Involves participants of differing cultural backgrounds
and allows for comparisons of findings across those cultures.
Religions - ANS >> Organized systems of beliefs, and are important to many people
and cultures. They tie together many attitudes, values, beliefs, worldviews, and norms.
They provide guidelines for living.
Cultural Psychology - ANS >> A sub discipline which examines the cultural foundations
of psychological process.
Etics - ANS >> the universal components of an idea; in cross-cultural psychology,
aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common
Emics - ANS >> The locally relevant components of an idea; in cross-cultural
psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture.
Method Validation Studies - ANS >> A type of Cross-Cultural Research which is
concerned with validity and reliability of studies and whether equivalency exists so the
dependable variable can be applied cross culturally.
Group Life - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture; Division of Labor,
Efficiency, Increase of survivable probability
Environment; Climate, Population Density, Arable Land; Diseases; Previous Cultures;
Contact with Other Cultures - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture
Resources - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture; Food, Water, Money
The Evolved Human Mind; Basic Human Needs and Motives, Universal Psychological
Toolkit. - ANS >> Factor that influences creation of culture
, Universal Human Toolkit - ANS >> A set of basic psychological skills that people can
use to meet their needs; Cognitive Abilities (language, planning etc), Emotions (Morals,
Basic, Self conscious), Personality Traits (Openness, Extroversion, Neuroticism)
Shared Intentionality - ANS >> Knowledge about motivations concerning behaviors that
are common among people in a group
Ratchet Effect - ANS >> The concept that humans continually improve on
improvements, that they do not go backward or revert to a previous state. Progress
occurs because improvements move themselves upward, much like a ratchet.
Functional Understanding of Culture - ANS >> Group Life -.> Social Complexity -> Need
for Social Coordination -> Culture -> Behaviours That Increase Social Cooridination ->
Group Life cont.
Society - ANS >> A system of interrelationships among people
Values - ANS >> A trans-situational goal that serve as a guiding principle of a person or
group. Use to motivated and justify behaviour.
Subjective Elements of Culture - ANS >> Values, Beliefs, Norms, Attitudes, Worldviews
Individualism vs. Collectivism - ANS >> Describes whether a person functions primarily
as an individual or as part of a group. One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Power Distance - ANS >> Degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in
the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical
and intellectual capabilities and heritage. One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Uncertainty Avoidance - ANS >> Extent to which cultures socialize members to accept
ambiguous situations and to tolerate uncertainty. One of Hofstede's Five Value
Dimension
Masculinity vs. Femininity - ANS >> One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Characterised on one pole by success, money, and things; and on the other by caring
for others, and quality of life. Refers to the distribution of emotional roles between males
and females.
Long- versus short-term orientation - ANS >> distinguishes between cultures that have
a forward looking perspective on life and those that are more concerned with the past
and present. One of Hofstede's Five Value Dimensions.
Hofsteded's Dimensions - ANS >> Individualism vs. Collectivism;
Power Distance;
Long- versus short-term orientation;
Masculinity vs. Femininity;
