BSN HESI 266 Med Surg Exam (Latest
) Questions & Correct
Answers With Rationales, 100%
Guaranteed Pass || Complete A+
Guide | 150+ Questions and verified
answers | BRANDNEW!!!
Which activity should be limited until after the first postoperative visit following a
transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)?
Answer:
Heavy physical activity, including lifting heavy objects, strenuous exercise, prolonged sitting,
and sexual intercourse, should be avoided until the healthcare provider confirms adequate
healing at the first postoperative visit.
Expert Rationale
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) creates a raw surgical surface inside the
prostate that requires several weeks to heal. Although there is no external incision, internal
tissues remain highly vascular and susceptible to bleeding.
Activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure—such as heavy lifting, pushing, pulling,
vigorous exercise, or straining during bowel movements—can disrupt fragile blood vessels
and trigger postoperative hemorrhage.
Patients are encouraged to:
• Drink approximately 2–3 liters of fluids daily (unless contraindicated).
• Walk several times a day.
• Avoid constipation by consuming fiber and, if prescribed, stool softeners.
• Avoid driving while taking opioid pain medications.
• Report bright-red bleeding, inability to urinate, fever, or passage of large blood clots.
,The first postoperative visit allows the healthcare provider to assess healing before normal
activities are resumed.
A client with Stage IV bone cancer rates pain as 10/10. Which intervention should the
nurse implement?
Answer:
Administer prescribed opioid and non-opioid analgesics simultaneously as part of
multimodal pain management.
Expert Rationale
Bone metastases produce some of the most severe cancer pain because tumor invasion
stimulates nociceptors, stretches the periosteum, and triggers inflammatory mediators.
Current cancer pain guidelines recommend multimodal analgesia, which combines opioid
medications with non-opioid agents.
Examples include:
• Morphine + acetaminophen
• Hydromorphone + NSAID (if appropriate)
Using medications with different mechanisms provides:
• Better pain relief
• Lower opioid requirements
• Fewer adverse effects
• Improved quality of life
For severe cancer pain (7–10/10), opioids should not be withheld because of concerns about
addiction. In palliative and cancer care, adequate pain control is a priority.
The nurse should also:
• Reassess pain within 30–60 minutes.
• Monitor respiratory status.
• Evaluate functional improvement rather than pain score alone.
A client develops an ABO incompatibility reaction during a blood transfusion. Which
finding requires immediate reporting?
,Answer:
Low back pain accompanied by hypotension.
Expert Rationale
An ABO incompatibility reaction is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, one of the most
dangerous transfusion complications.
Symptoms include:
• Sudden fever
• Chills
• Flank or low back pain
• Hypotension
• Tachycardia
• Hemoglobinuria
• Dyspnea
• Anxiety
Low back pain occurs because destroyed red blood cells obstruct renal tubules, producing
acute kidney injury.
Hypotension indicates systemic inflammatory activation and possible circulatory collapse.
Immediate nursing actions:
1. Stop the transfusion.
2. Keep the IV line open with normal saline.
3. Notify the healthcare provider and blood bank.
4. Monitor vital signs.
5. Save the blood bag and tubing for investigation.
The other options are less urgent:
• Rhinitis suggests a mild allergic reaction.
• Rash and urticaria indicate allergic sensitivity.
• Chronic joint pain is unrelated to acute hemolysis.
What dietary teaching should the nurse provide to a client with diverticulosis?
, Answer:
Eat a high-fiber diet and increase fluid intake.
Expert Rationale
Diverticulosis consists of small outpouchings of the colon wall that develop because of
increased intraluminal pressure.
Fiber:
• Softens stool
• Increases stool bulk
• Reduces colonic pressure
• Prevents constipation
• Lowers the risk of diverticulitis
Excellent fiber sources include:
• Whole grains
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Beans
• Bran cereals
Adequate hydration allows fiber to work effectively.
Current evidence no longer supports avoiding nuts, popcorn, or seeds, as these foods have
not been shown to increase diverticulitis risk.
A client receiving continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) after TURP develops increasing blood
clots in the tubing. What is the nurse's first action?
Answer:
Increase the rate of continuous bladder irrigation.
Expert Rationale
Blood clots can obstruct urinary drainage after TURP.
If irrigation is inadequate:
• Clots accumulate.
) Questions & Correct
Answers With Rationales, 100%
Guaranteed Pass || Complete A+
Guide | 150+ Questions and verified
answers | BRANDNEW!!!
Which activity should be limited until after the first postoperative visit following a
transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)?
Answer:
Heavy physical activity, including lifting heavy objects, strenuous exercise, prolonged sitting,
and sexual intercourse, should be avoided until the healthcare provider confirms adequate
healing at the first postoperative visit.
Expert Rationale
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) creates a raw surgical surface inside the
prostate that requires several weeks to heal. Although there is no external incision, internal
tissues remain highly vascular and susceptible to bleeding.
Activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure—such as heavy lifting, pushing, pulling,
vigorous exercise, or straining during bowel movements—can disrupt fragile blood vessels
and trigger postoperative hemorrhage.
Patients are encouraged to:
• Drink approximately 2–3 liters of fluids daily (unless contraindicated).
• Walk several times a day.
• Avoid constipation by consuming fiber and, if prescribed, stool softeners.
• Avoid driving while taking opioid pain medications.
• Report bright-red bleeding, inability to urinate, fever, or passage of large blood clots.
,The first postoperative visit allows the healthcare provider to assess healing before normal
activities are resumed.
A client with Stage IV bone cancer rates pain as 10/10. Which intervention should the
nurse implement?
Answer:
Administer prescribed opioid and non-opioid analgesics simultaneously as part of
multimodal pain management.
Expert Rationale
Bone metastases produce some of the most severe cancer pain because tumor invasion
stimulates nociceptors, stretches the periosteum, and triggers inflammatory mediators.
Current cancer pain guidelines recommend multimodal analgesia, which combines opioid
medications with non-opioid agents.
Examples include:
• Morphine + acetaminophen
• Hydromorphone + NSAID (if appropriate)
Using medications with different mechanisms provides:
• Better pain relief
• Lower opioid requirements
• Fewer adverse effects
• Improved quality of life
For severe cancer pain (7–10/10), opioids should not be withheld because of concerns about
addiction. In palliative and cancer care, adequate pain control is a priority.
The nurse should also:
• Reassess pain within 30–60 minutes.
• Monitor respiratory status.
• Evaluate functional improvement rather than pain score alone.
A client develops an ABO incompatibility reaction during a blood transfusion. Which
finding requires immediate reporting?
,Answer:
Low back pain accompanied by hypotension.
Expert Rationale
An ABO incompatibility reaction is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, one of the most
dangerous transfusion complications.
Symptoms include:
• Sudden fever
• Chills
• Flank or low back pain
• Hypotension
• Tachycardia
• Hemoglobinuria
• Dyspnea
• Anxiety
Low back pain occurs because destroyed red blood cells obstruct renal tubules, producing
acute kidney injury.
Hypotension indicates systemic inflammatory activation and possible circulatory collapse.
Immediate nursing actions:
1. Stop the transfusion.
2. Keep the IV line open with normal saline.
3. Notify the healthcare provider and blood bank.
4. Monitor vital signs.
5. Save the blood bag and tubing for investigation.
The other options are less urgent:
• Rhinitis suggests a mild allergic reaction.
• Rash and urticaria indicate allergic sensitivity.
• Chronic joint pain is unrelated to acute hemolysis.
What dietary teaching should the nurse provide to a client with diverticulosis?
, Answer:
Eat a high-fiber diet and increase fluid intake.
Expert Rationale
Diverticulosis consists of small outpouchings of the colon wall that develop because of
increased intraluminal pressure.
Fiber:
• Softens stool
• Increases stool bulk
• Reduces colonic pressure
• Prevents constipation
• Lowers the risk of diverticulitis
Excellent fiber sources include:
• Whole grains
• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Beans
• Bran cereals
Adequate hydration allows fiber to work effectively.
Current evidence no longer supports avoiding nuts, popcorn, or seeds, as these foods have
not been shown to increase diverticulitis risk.
A client receiving continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) after TURP develops increasing blood
clots in the tubing. What is the nurse's first action?
Answer:
Increase the rate of continuous bladder irrigation.
Expert Rationale
Blood clots can obstruct urinary drainage after TURP.
If irrigation is inadequate:
• Clots accumulate.
