BIOLOGY 02 ATI Med-Surg proctored Exam
Questions & Answers 100% CORRECT LATEST
UPDATE 2022/2022 GRADED A+
EXAM COVERAGE
1. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
2. Acid-Base Disturbances and Management
3. Cardiovascular Disorders and Hemodynamics
4. Respiratory Failure and Ventilator Management
5. Renal Function and Acute Kidney Injury
6. Endocrine Emergencies (DKA, HHS, Thyroid Storm)
7. Neurological Disorders and ICP Monitoring
8. Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Hepatic Dysfunction
9. Sepsis, Shock, and Multi-Organ Failure
10. Hematology and Transfusion Therapy
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L. Which assessment
finding requires the most immediate intervention?
A. Dry mucous membranes
B. Confusion and lethargy
C. Urinary output of 40 mL/hr
, D. Peripheral edema
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: Hyponatremia (122 mEq/L) places the client at risk for cerebral edema due to
intracellular fluid shifting. Neurological changes like confusion and lethargy are early signs of
severe cerebral edema and warrant immediate action, whereas the other options are not as
immediately life-threatening.
2. A client with a pH of 7.25, PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, and HCO3 of 24 mEq/L is admitted to the
medical unit. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min
B. Assess respiratory rate and depth
C. Prepare for intubation
D. Administer sodium bicarbonate
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: The client exhibits respiratory acidosis. The priority is to assess the client's ability to
maintain ventilation. If the respiratory rate is inadequate, corrective ventilation measures are
required; sodium bicarbonate is not the primary treatment for respiratory acidosis.
3. A client is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells and suddenly develops fever, chills,
and flank pain. What is the nurse's first action?
A. Slow the infusion rate
B. Stop the infusion immediately
C. Notify the provider
D. Obtain a urine specimen
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
, Rationale: These symptoms indicate an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which is a life-
threatening emergency. The infusion must be stopped immediately to prevent further hemolysis,
followed by disconnecting the tubing and starting normal saline.
4. A nurse is managing a client on mechanical ventilation who suddenly has high-pressure alarm
sounding. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Check the ventilator settings
B. Auscultate for breath sounds
C. Increase the oxygen concentration
D. Suction the client
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: A high-pressure alarm indicates resistance. The nurse must first determine if the tube
is obstructed, kinked, or if the client has developed a pneumothorax or bronchospasm by
assessing breath sounds. Suctioning is only performed if there is evidence of secretions.
5. A client with DKA has a blood glucose of 280 mg/dL, a heart rate of 110/min, and a pH of 7.15.
The client is receiving an insulin drip. What is the most critical safety intervention?
A. Monitor blood glucose hourly
B. Monitor potassium levels
C. Assess for jugular vein distention
D. Administer IV fluids
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: Insulin administration drives potassium into cells, potentially causing life-threatening
hypokalemia. Although blood glucose and fluids are important, potassium monitoring is the most
critical safety intervention during the correction of DKA.
6. A client in the ICU has a CVP of 1 mmHg. Which assessment finding is expected?
A. Distended neck veins
, B. Hypotension and tachycardia
C. Crackles in the lungs
D. Increased urine output
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: A low CVP (normal 2–8 mmHg) indicates hypovolemia or decreased venous return.
Clinical signs of hypovolemia include hypotension and compensatory tachycardia. Distended
neck veins and crackles suggest fluid overload.
7. A nurse is caring for a client with SIADH. Which assessment finding indicates a worsening
condition?
A. Increased serum sodium
B. Decreased serum osmolarity
C. Increased urine output
D. Decreased weight
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH leading to water retention. Worsening condition is
indicated by further dilution of the blood, resulting in lower serum osmolarity. Increased serum
sodium would indicate improvement.
8. A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor
most closely for systemic complications?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum potassium
C. BUN
D. Hematocrit
Answer: B
Questions & Answers 100% CORRECT LATEST
UPDATE 2022/2022 GRADED A+
EXAM COVERAGE
1. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
2. Acid-Base Disturbances and Management
3. Cardiovascular Disorders and Hemodynamics
4. Respiratory Failure and Ventilator Management
5. Renal Function and Acute Kidney Injury
6. Endocrine Emergencies (DKA, HHS, Thyroid Storm)
7. Neurological Disorders and ICP Monitoring
8. Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Hepatic Dysfunction
9. Sepsis, Shock, and Multi-Organ Failure
10. Hematology and Transfusion Therapy
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L. Which assessment
finding requires the most immediate intervention?
A. Dry mucous membranes
B. Confusion and lethargy
C. Urinary output of 40 mL/hr
, D. Peripheral edema
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: Hyponatremia (122 mEq/L) places the client at risk for cerebral edema due to
intracellular fluid shifting. Neurological changes like confusion and lethargy are early signs of
severe cerebral edema and warrant immediate action, whereas the other options are not as
immediately life-threatening.
2. A client with a pH of 7.25, PaCO2 of 55 mmHg, and HCO3 of 24 mEq/L is admitted to the
medical unit. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min
B. Assess respiratory rate and depth
C. Prepare for intubation
D. Administer sodium bicarbonate
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: The client exhibits respiratory acidosis. The priority is to assess the client's ability to
maintain ventilation. If the respiratory rate is inadequate, corrective ventilation measures are
required; sodium bicarbonate is not the primary treatment for respiratory acidosis.
3. A client is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells and suddenly develops fever, chills,
and flank pain. What is the nurse's first action?
A. Slow the infusion rate
B. Stop the infusion immediately
C. Notify the provider
D. Obtain a urine specimen
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
, Rationale: These symptoms indicate an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which is a life-
threatening emergency. The infusion must be stopped immediately to prevent further hemolysis,
followed by disconnecting the tubing and starting normal saline.
4. A nurse is managing a client on mechanical ventilation who suddenly has high-pressure alarm
sounding. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Check the ventilator settings
B. Auscultate for breath sounds
C. Increase the oxygen concentration
D. Suction the client
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: A high-pressure alarm indicates resistance. The nurse must first determine if the tube
is obstructed, kinked, or if the client has developed a pneumothorax or bronchospasm by
assessing breath sounds. Suctioning is only performed if there is evidence of secretions.
5. A client with DKA has a blood glucose of 280 mg/dL, a heart rate of 110/min, and a pH of 7.15.
The client is receiving an insulin drip. What is the most critical safety intervention?
A. Monitor blood glucose hourly
B. Monitor potassium levels
C. Assess for jugular vein distention
D. Administer IV fluids
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: Insulin administration drives potassium into cells, potentially causing life-threatening
hypokalemia. Although blood glucose and fluids are important, potassium monitoring is the most
critical safety intervention during the correction of DKA.
6. A client in the ICU has a CVP of 1 mmHg. Which assessment finding is expected?
A. Distended neck veins
, B. Hypotension and tachycardia
C. Crackles in the lungs
D. Increased urine output
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: A low CVP (normal 2–8 mmHg) indicates hypovolemia or decreased venous return.
Clinical signs of hypovolemia include hypotension and compensatory tachycardia. Distended
neck veins and crackles suggest fluid overload.
7. A nurse is caring for a client with SIADH. Which assessment finding indicates a worsening
condition?
A. Increased serum sodium
B. Decreased serum osmolarity
C. Increased urine output
D. Decreased weight
Answer: B
CORRECT ANSWER : B
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH leading to water retention. Worsening condition is
indicated by further dilution of the blood, resulting in lower serum osmolarity. Increased serum
sodium would indicate improvement.
8. A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor
most closely for systemic complications?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum potassium
C. BUN
D. Hematocrit
Answer: B
