Common Reactor produced radionuclides?
ANSWER
Mo-99/Tc-99m , I-131, I-125, Xe-133, Sr-89, Sm-153, P-32, Cr-51
Common Accelerator produced radionuclides?
ANSWER
I-123, Th-201, Ga-67, In-111, All positron emitters
Bremsstrahlung?
ANSWER
*radiation that results from deceleration of the beta particles as they approach the nuclei
Film Badge Imp. Points
ANSWER
*made of 3to4 filters (Pb, Cu, Al, plastic)
*should be worn between waist and shoulder
*processed monthly
*adversely affected by heat and moisture
*the amount of darkening on the film is proportional to amount of radiation absorbed
*effective measuring 10 mrem to several hundred rem
TLD Badge Imp. Points
ANSWER
1
,*thermoluminescent dosimeter
*uses LiF crystal that emits a quantity of light proportional to the amount of radiation ab-
sorbed by crystal
*this light is released during high hearing called annealing
*can distinguish beta from photon/neutron radiation
*can only be analyzed once
*are used ring badges (forefinger)
OSLD Badge Imp. Points
ANSWER
*optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
*uses thin slice of aluminum oxide to detect radiation
*resistant to heat, moisture and aging
*can be used to monitor more than once, up to 3 months
*can be analyzed multiple times
Caution: Radiation Area (sign)
ANSWER
*where individual can receive more than 5 mrem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm
*seen in entrances to nuc med labs
Caution: Radioactive Materials (sign)
ANSWER
*where radioactive materials are used or stored
*usually in entrances of work areas and NM labs
*indicates potential presence of radiation sources and/or contamination
Caution: High Radiation Area (sign)
2
,ANSWER
*individual can receive more than 100 mrem (1 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from radiation
source
*commonly where radiation therapy is performed
A wipe on an external package surface cannot exceed?
ANSWER
*7,200 dpm for a wiped area of 300 cm^2 for gamma and beta emitters
Decay in Storage Imp. Points
ANSWER
*radioactive materials with a half life of less than 120 days can be stored in a shielded stor-
age area until they are bkg
Equation for dpm
ANSWER
dpm = net cpm / efficiency
* NRC requires wipe testing must be recorded in dpm
*"efficiency" means efficiency of the well counter
Mo-99/Tc-99m Generator
ANSWER
*column containing alumina onto which the parent Mo-99 is adsorbed
*Tc99m is collected as the eluate in the form of Tc99m-NaO4
Specific Activity
ANSWER
*the amount of radioactivity per unit of mass of RN or RP
3
, *expressed in (mCi/mg), MBq/mg), (Ci/mol), (GBq/mol)
Mo-99 Imp. points
ANSWER
*considered a radionuclidic impurity
*when administered to patients, its taken up by the parenchymal cells of liver and delivers
unnecessary dose of radiation
*0.15 uCi / per 1 mCi Tc99m at time of administration to patient
Spatial Resolution
ANSWER
*Ability of a scintillation camera to separate small object in space
*performed weekly
SPECT COR
ANSWER
*performed weekly (or monthly)
*evaluation is used to correct for slight variation in the position of the camera head as it ro-
tates
*performed with each type of collimator
Spatial Linearity
ANSWER
*Ability of a scintillation camera to produce a uniform image with straight lines correspond-
ing to straight lines in a phantom
*Clinically, it is the accurate portrayal of true organ shape
*performed weekly
4
ANSWER
Mo-99/Tc-99m , I-131, I-125, Xe-133, Sr-89, Sm-153, P-32, Cr-51
Common Accelerator produced radionuclides?
ANSWER
I-123, Th-201, Ga-67, In-111, All positron emitters
Bremsstrahlung?
ANSWER
*radiation that results from deceleration of the beta particles as they approach the nuclei
Film Badge Imp. Points
ANSWER
*made of 3to4 filters (Pb, Cu, Al, plastic)
*should be worn between waist and shoulder
*processed monthly
*adversely affected by heat and moisture
*the amount of darkening on the film is proportional to amount of radiation absorbed
*effective measuring 10 mrem to several hundred rem
TLD Badge Imp. Points
ANSWER
1
,*thermoluminescent dosimeter
*uses LiF crystal that emits a quantity of light proportional to the amount of radiation ab-
sorbed by crystal
*this light is released during high hearing called annealing
*can distinguish beta from photon/neutron radiation
*can only be analyzed once
*are used ring badges (forefinger)
OSLD Badge Imp. Points
ANSWER
*optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
*uses thin slice of aluminum oxide to detect radiation
*resistant to heat, moisture and aging
*can be used to monitor more than once, up to 3 months
*can be analyzed multiple times
Caution: Radiation Area (sign)
ANSWER
*where individual can receive more than 5 mrem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm
*seen in entrances to nuc med labs
Caution: Radioactive Materials (sign)
ANSWER
*where radioactive materials are used or stored
*usually in entrances of work areas and NM labs
*indicates potential presence of radiation sources and/or contamination
Caution: High Radiation Area (sign)
2
,ANSWER
*individual can receive more than 100 mrem (1 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from radiation
source
*commonly where radiation therapy is performed
A wipe on an external package surface cannot exceed?
ANSWER
*7,200 dpm for a wiped area of 300 cm^2 for gamma and beta emitters
Decay in Storage Imp. Points
ANSWER
*radioactive materials with a half life of less than 120 days can be stored in a shielded stor-
age area until they are bkg
Equation for dpm
ANSWER
dpm = net cpm / efficiency
* NRC requires wipe testing must be recorded in dpm
*"efficiency" means efficiency of the well counter
Mo-99/Tc-99m Generator
ANSWER
*column containing alumina onto which the parent Mo-99 is adsorbed
*Tc99m is collected as the eluate in the form of Tc99m-NaO4
Specific Activity
ANSWER
*the amount of radioactivity per unit of mass of RN or RP
3
, *expressed in (mCi/mg), MBq/mg), (Ci/mol), (GBq/mol)
Mo-99 Imp. points
ANSWER
*considered a radionuclidic impurity
*when administered to patients, its taken up by the parenchymal cells of liver and delivers
unnecessary dose of radiation
*0.15 uCi / per 1 mCi Tc99m at time of administration to patient
Spatial Resolution
ANSWER
*Ability of a scintillation camera to separate small object in space
*performed weekly
SPECT COR
ANSWER
*performed weekly (or monthly)
*evaluation is used to correct for slight variation in the position of the camera head as it ro-
tates
*performed with each type of collimator
Spatial Linearity
ANSWER
*Ability of a scintillation camera to produce a uniform image with straight lines correspond-
ing to straight lines in a phantom
*Clinically, it is the accurate portrayal of true organ shape
*performed weekly
4
