BMS 300 Reproduction
Androgen - ANS-Sex Steroid Hormone. Testosterone (ovaries and testes). Dihydrotestosterone.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (testicular feminization syndrome) - ANS-Mutation in androgen
receptor that causes:
Chromosomal Sex: XX
Gonadal Sex: Undescended testes
Phenotypic Sex: girl
Antral Follicle - ANS-Oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, theca cells, and antrum
Capacitation - ANS-Final maturation of sperm
Characteristics of the placenta - ANS-Semi-permeable membrane (retrieve oxygen and
vitamins, and excrete carbon dioxide and waste), endocrine function (estrogen and
progesterone), no mixing of blood but does alternate substances, and it has a fetal and maternal
issue
Created by using Mullerian Duct - ANS-Ovary (Oviduct/"Fallopian Tube"), Uterus, Upper 1/3 of
Vagina
Created by using Wolffian Duct - ANS-Epididymis (Testis), Vas Deferenes, Seminal Vesicle
Development of outside genitalia may be bi-ability. Bi-capacity means that: - ANS-Either one of
the two results is feasible, it simply relies upon at the factors gift, and what's released, and what
is blocked.
Epididymis - ANS-Head body and tail region, garage and fluid reabsorption, collect motility right
here, and delivery is result of muscular hobby
Estrogen - ANS-Sex Steroid Hormone. Estradiol (ovaries and testes).
Fertilization - ANS-1. Block polyspermy (the fertilization of the egg by way of multiple sperm) by
using changing the membrane potential of the oocyte. A cortical response happens wherein the
ooycte releases enzymes from corticol granules causing zona pellucida to harden and feature
fewer receptors
2. Oocyte completes meiosis II and there is an extrusion of the 2d polar body, the male and girl
pronuclei fuse
3. Activation of enzymes in oocyte ends in embryogenesis
, Follicular Phase - ANS-Bleeding starts offevolved (and keeps for approximately seven days) -->
multiple follicles broaden --> one follicle turns into dominant --> dominant follicle matures -->
ovulation occurs
Functions of estrogen - ANS-Follicle growth, improvement of secondary sex traits, increase and
proliferation of epithelial lining of the reproductive tract, feedback to the brain, and inhibits milk
manufacturing.
Functions of progesterone - ANS-Preparation of the endomerium for embryo implantation,
stimulates breast growth, poor comments to brain, inhibits milk manufacturing, and inhibits
myometrial contractions
How can we prevent pregnancies? - ANS-Contraceptives which includes boundaries, surgical,
and capsules
If pregnancy happens what does the trophoblast produce? - ANS-Human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG). This causes the corpus letuem to no longer regress and hold to supply
progesterone. The developing embryo signals the mother and preserves the corpus luteum.
Life tiers of spermatogenesis - ANS-Spermatogonia --> spermatocyte --> spermatid
Luteal Phase - ANS-Ovulation happens --> corpus leteum features --> corpus leteum
degenerates
Mature follicle - ANS-Oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, theca cells, antrum, and cumulus
oophorus
Ovarian Cycles within the Follicular Phase - ANS-FSH stimulates follice growth (estrogen levels
are low giving little negative comments), developing follicles secrete estrogen, dominant follicle
secretes massive amounts of estrogen, high levels of estrogen LH surge (of entirety meiosis I)
Ovarian Cycles within the Luteal Phase - ANS-Ovulation takes place (formation of corpus
luteum), corpus luteum secretes massive quantities of estrogen and progesterone, bad
comments to brain (FSH and LH levels drop), corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen and
progesterone levels drop inflicting FSH and LH to growth again to start a brand new cycle.
Preantral Follice - ANS-Oocyte, zona pullucida, granulosa cells, and theca cells
Primary Follice - ANS-Fully grown oocyte, zona pellucida, and granulosa cells
Primordial Follice - ANS-Oocyte and granulosa cells
Primoridal Germ Cell (PGC) differentiation in XX - ANS-Mesonephros --> Retinoic Acid -->
Gonad --> no CYP26B1 --> Meiotic entry PGCs
Androgen - ANS-Sex Steroid Hormone. Testosterone (ovaries and testes). Dihydrotestosterone.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (testicular feminization syndrome) - ANS-Mutation in androgen
receptor that causes:
Chromosomal Sex: XX
Gonadal Sex: Undescended testes
Phenotypic Sex: girl
Antral Follicle - ANS-Oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, theca cells, and antrum
Capacitation - ANS-Final maturation of sperm
Characteristics of the placenta - ANS-Semi-permeable membrane (retrieve oxygen and
vitamins, and excrete carbon dioxide and waste), endocrine function (estrogen and
progesterone), no mixing of blood but does alternate substances, and it has a fetal and maternal
issue
Created by using Mullerian Duct - ANS-Ovary (Oviduct/"Fallopian Tube"), Uterus, Upper 1/3 of
Vagina
Created by using Wolffian Duct - ANS-Epididymis (Testis), Vas Deferenes, Seminal Vesicle
Development of outside genitalia may be bi-ability. Bi-capacity means that: - ANS-Either one of
the two results is feasible, it simply relies upon at the factors gift, and what's released, and what
is blocked.
Epididymis - ANS-Head body and tail region, garage and fluid reabsorption, collect motility right
here, and delivery is result of muscular hobby
Estrogen - ANS-Sex Steroid Hormone. Estradiol (ovaries and testes).
Fertilization - ANS-1. Block polyspermy (the fertilization of the egg by way of multiple sperm) by
using changing the membrane potential of the oocyte. A cortical response happens wherein the
ooycte releases enzymes from corticol granules causing zona pellucida to harden and feature
fewer receptors
2. Oocyte completes meiosis II and there is an extrusion of the 2d polar body, the male and girl
pronuclei fuse
3. Activation of enzymes in oocyte ends in embryogenesis
, Follicular Phase - ANS-Bleeding starts offevolved (and keeps for approximately seven days) -->
multiple follicles broaden --> one follicle turns into dominant --> dominant follicle matures -->
ovulation occurs
Functions of estrogen - ANS-Follicle growth, improvement of secondary sex traits, increase and
proliferation of epithelial lining of the reproductive tract, feedback to the brain, and inhibits milk
manufacturing.
Functions of progesterone - ANS-Preparation of the endomerium for embryo implantation,
stimulates breast growth, poor comments to brain, inhibits milk manufacturing, and inhibits
myometrial contractions
How can we prevent pregnancies? - ANS-Contraceptives which includes boundaries, surgical,
and capsules
If pregnancy happens what does the trophoblast produce? - ANS-Human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG). This causes the corpus letuem to no longer regress and hold to supply
progesterone. The developing embryo signals the mother and preserves the corpus luteum.
Life tiers of spermatogenesis - ANS-Spermatogonia --> spermatocyte --> spermatid
Luteal Phase - ANS-Ovulation happens --> corpus leteum features --> corpus leteum
degenerates
Mature follicle - ANS-Oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, theca cells, antrum, and cumulus
oophorus
Ovarian Cycles within the Follicular Phase - ANS-FSH stimulates follice growth (estrogen levels
are low giving little negative comments), developing follicles secrete estrogen, dominant follicle
secretes massive amounts of estrogen, high levels of estrogen LH surge (of entirety meiosis I)
Ovarian Cycles within the Luteal Phase - ANS-Ovulation takes place (formation of corpus
luteum), corpus luteum secretes massive quantities of estrogen and progesterone, bad
comments to brain (FSH and LH levels drop), corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen and
progesterone levels drop inflicting FSH and LH to growth again to start a brand new cycle.
Preantral Follice - ANS-Oocyte, zona pullucida, granulosa cells, and theca cells
Primary Follice - ANS-Fully grown oocyte, zona pellucida, and granulosa cells
Primordial Follice - ANS-Oocyte and granulosa cells
Primoridal Germ Cell (PGC) differentiation in XX - ANS-Mesonephros --> Retinoic Acid -->
Gonad --> no CYP26B1 --> Meiotic entry PGCs
