BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS UPDATED REVIEW SET
◉ The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries,
neurons, and the pia mater
Answer: astrocytes
◉ What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to
support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve
impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory
Answer: Astrocytes
◉ What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain
fewer processes as well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang
myelin sheath?
,Answer: Oligodendrocytes
◉ What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give
them a spine like projections as well as act as phagocytes?
Answer: Microglial Cells
◉ What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in
a single layer that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and
possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of CSF
Answer: Ependymal Cells
◉ What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS?
Answer: Schwann and satellite cells
◉ What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle
fibers?
Answer: lower motor neurons
◉ What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases
, Answer: Resting membrane potential
◉ Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ?
Answer: More
◉ What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they
spread along the membrane ?
Answer: decremental conduction
◉ What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including
dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons?
Answer: Leak channels
◉ What kind of ion channel can be found in pain receptors?
Answer: mechanically-gated channels
◉ What refractory period causes voltage gated sodium channel
activation gates are open as well as the voltage gated potassium
channels are opening and then sodium channels are inactivating?
Answer: absolute refractory period
◉ Sodium channels are ______ and potassium channels are ________
during the relative refractory period ?
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS UPDATED REVIEW SET
◉ The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries,
neurons, and the pia mater
Answer: astrocytes
◉ What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to
support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve
impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory
Answer: Astrocytes
◉ What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain
fewer processes as well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang
myelin sheath?
,Answer: Oligodendrocytes
◉ What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give
them a spine like projections as well as act as phagocytes?
Answer: Microglial Cells
◉ What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in
a single layer that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and
possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of CSF
Answer: Ependymal Cells
◉ What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS?
Answer: Schwann and satellite cells
◉ What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle
fibers?
Answer: lower motor neurons
◉ What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases
, Answer: Resting membrane potential
◉ Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ?
Answer: More
◉ What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they
spread along the membrane ?
Answer: decremental conduction
◉ What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including
dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons?
Answer: Leak channels
◉ What kind of ion channel can be found in pain receptors?
Answer: mechanically-gated channels
◉ What refractory period causes voltage gated sodium channel
activation gates are open as well as the voltage gated potassium
channels are opening and then sodium channels are inactivating?
Answer: absolute refractory period
◉ Sodium channels are ______ and potassium channels are ________
during the relative refractory period ?
