POWER ENGINEERING 2A2 STUDY EXAMS GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Unidentified metals should never be used for construction anywhere in a plant. True
or False? - ✔✔This is true. There are surprisingly tons of inferior counterfeit products
out there. Ensure that all steel products designated for pressure service are marked and
stamped
✔✔All piping, tubing, fittings and structural materials used in Plants can be categorized
into 6 groups of metals: - ✔✔1) Low carbon steel (mild): < .30% carbon
2) Medium carbon steel: >.30% - <.60%
3) High carbon steel: >.60% - <1.5%
4) Cast Irons: Carbon content = 2% and 6%
5) Alloy steels: Low carbon steels with alloys including manganese, chromium,
vanadium, nick, moly, tungsten, and other elements
6) Non Ferrous metals: Copper, aluminum, brass, nickel, tungsten, zirconium
✔✔Most common steels in a Power Plant? - ✔✔Low carbon steels and Alloy steels
✔✔2 factors that are considered when choosing the type of steel for a particular job? -
✔✔- The basis of safety
- The metal survivability
,A factor of safety must always be retained.
✔✔American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) piping specifications "A" and "B"
are defined as what 2 categories? - ✔✔1) "A": represents all carbon steels and alloys
2) "B": represents all non-ferrous materials
✔✔1? B31.1 lists codes for what?
2) B31.3 lists codes for what?
3) B16.5 lists codes for what? - ✔✔1) Power piping
2) Hydrocarbon process piping
3) Pipe flanges and fittings
✔✔Points typically listed in a Metal Specification Chart? - ✔✔- Type of metal according
to ASTM #
- Title including composition and how its welded
- Commonly used type/grade within specification
- Description of material
- Its end use
✔✔What is a Material Test Report? - ✔✔- Also known as a certificate of testing, these
reports are made available by the vendor and give a comprehensive chemical and
physical analysis of the metal before the part was manufactured. It is essentially a copy
of the recipe for the metal produced.
- Identifies heat number, chemical composition, ASME spec number, grade of steel,
schedule #, tensile strength, yield point, and any results of any specialized testing
✔✔What is a Heat Number in relation to a Material Test Report? - ✔✔- Molten metal is
sampled from every ladle during the smelting stage. Each one of these ladle test
samples is given a Heat Number which identifies the batch
- If a piece of pipe is cut, the heat number must be copied onto the undesignated piece
of material.
✔✔All designations for pressure piping and fittings in North American plants use an
ASME or CSA specification. True or False? - ✔✔True. This a a requirement stated
within the regulations to do with boiler and pressure vessel construction
✔✔Design, Construction and Installation of boilers/pressure vessels require in part the
submission of...? - ✔✔Material specifications, size, schedule, and primary service rating
of all primary piping and fittings used in that construction.
✔✔ANSI established what 5 minimum requirements for manufacturers to identify pipes,
fittings and flanges? - ✔✔- Size
- Wall Thickness
- Schedule Designation
, - Material Designation
- Manufacturers stamp/symbol
✔✔As piping schedule increases, wall thickness increases. True or False? - ✔✔True
✔✔What is the piping DN#? - ✔✔- The metric conversion for NPS pipe (inches -> mm)
✔✔Commercial piping sizes 6" in diameter and larger are only manufactured in EVEN
inch number. True or False? - ✔✔True.
✔✔In all piping, the outside diameter is mostly constant and varying wall thickness
determines inside diameter of the pipe. True or False? - ✔✔True. The thicker the wall
thickness, the higher the pipe schedule rating.
✔✔What are the defining temperature ranges for 'Low Temp' and 'High Temp' carbon
steels? - ✔✔Low = -45 deg.C to less than 425 deg.C
High = -29 deg.C to less than 425 deg.C
- These limits are the lowest temperatures expected from either the process fluid or the
external operating environment.
- This design specification is based off the Charpy impact test for Brittleness
✔✔List 9 operating environment variables to consider when choosing a metal for a
pressure piping application. - ✔✔- Internal or External maximum pressures
- Maximum and minimum temperatures
- Tensile and compressive stress loads
- Vibration and cyclic stress loads
- Chemical corrosion exposure
- Temperature gradients and thermal expansion stress factors
- Stress loading on nozzle and flange connections
- Impulse stresses (hammering, hydraulic shock, physical collisions, liquid slugging)
- Heat conductivity
✔✔What are the 4 mineral ore sources for Copper (Cu)? - ✔✔- Malachite
- Bornite
- Cuprite
- Chalocpyrite
✔✔90 % of the worlds Primary copper occurs in which types of Ore? - ✔✔Chalcopyrite
and Bornite
✔✔Most common copper refining processes? - ✔✔- Electrolysis
- Acid leaching
- Smelting
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Unidentified metals should never be used for construction anywhere in a plant. True
or False? - ✔✔This is true. There are surprisingly tons of inferior counterfeit products
out there. Ensure that all steel products designated for pressure service are marked and
stamped
✔✔All piping, tubing, fittings and structural materials used in Plants can be categorized
into 6 groups of metals: - ✔✔1) Low carbon steel (mild): < .30% carbon
2) Medium carbon steel: >.30% - <.60%
3) High carbon steel: >.60% - <1.5%
4) Cast Irons: Carbon content = 2% and 6%
5) Alloy steels: Low carbon steels with alloys including manganese, chromium,
vanadium, nick, moly, tungsten, and other elements
6) Non Ferrous metals: Copper, aluminum, brass, nickel, tungsten, zirconium
✔✔Most common steels in a Power Plant? - ✔✔Low carbon steels and Alloy steels
✔✔2 factors that are considered when choosing the type of steel for a particular job? -
✔✔- The basis of safety
- The metal survivability
,A factor of safety must always be retained.
✔✔American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) piping specifications "A" and "B"
are defined as what 2 categories? - ✔✔1) "A": represents all carbon steels and alloys
2) "B": represents all non-ferrous materials
✔✔1? B31.1 lists codes for what?
2) B31.3 lists codes for what?
3) B16.5 lists codes for what? - ✔✔1) Power piping
2) Hydrocarbon process piping
3) Pipe flanges and fittings
✔✔Points typically listed in a Metal Specification Chart? - ✔✔- Type of metal according
to ASTM #
- Title including composition and how its welded
- Commonly used type/grade within specification
- Description of material
- Its end use
✔✔What is a Material Test Report? - ✔✔- Also known as a certificate of testing, these
reports are made available by the vendor and give a comprehensive chemical and
physical analysis of the metal before the part was manufactured. It is essentially a copy
of the recipe for the metal produced.
- Identifies heat number, chemical composition, ASME spec number, grade of steel,
schedule #, tensile strength, yield point, and any results of any specialized testing
✔✔What is a Heat Number in relation to a Material Test Report? - ✔✔- Molten metal is
sampled from every ladle during the smelting stage. Each one of these ladle test
samples is given a Heat Number which identifies the batch
- If a piece of pipe is cut, the heat number must be copied onto the undesignated piece
of material.
✔✔All designations for pressure piping and fittings in North American plants use an
ASME or CSA specification. True or False? - ✔✔True. This a a requirement stated
within the regulations to do with boiler and pressure vessel construction
✔✔Design, Construction and Installation of boilers/pressure vessels require in part the
submission of...? - ✔✔Material specifications, size, schedule, and primary service rating
of all primary piping and fittings used in that construction.
✔✔ANSI established what 5 minimum requirements for manufacturers to identify pipes,
fittings and flanges? - ✔✔- Size
- Wall Thickness
- Schedule Designation
, - Material Designation
- Manufacturers stamp/symbol
✔✔As piping schedule increases, wall thickness increases. True or False? - ✔✔True
✔✔What is the piping DN#? - ✔✔- The metric conversion for NPS pipe (inches -> mm)
✔✔Commercial piping sizes 6" in diameter and larger are only manufactured in EVEN
inch number. True or False? - ✔✔True.
✔✔In all piping, the outside diameter is mostly constant and varying wall thickness
determines inside diameter of the pipe. True or False? - ✔✔True. The thicker the wall
thickness, the higher the pipe schedule rating.
✔✔What are the defining temperature ranges for 'Low Temp' and 'High Temp' carbon
steels? - ✔✔Low = -45 deg.C to less than 425 deg.C
High = -29 deg.C to less than 425 deg.C
- These limits are the lowest temperatures expected from either the process fluid or the
external operating environment.
- This design specification is based off the Charpy impact test for Brittleness
✔✔List 9 operating environment variables to consider when choosing a metal for a
pressure piping application. - ✔✔- Internal or External maximum pressures
- Maximum and minimum temperatures
- Tensile and compressive stress loads
- Vibration and cyclic stress loads
- Chemical corrosion exposure
- Temperature gradients and thermal expansion stress factors
- Stress loading on nozzle and flange connections
- Impulse stresses (hammering, hydraulic shock, physical collisions, liquid slugging)
- Heat conductivity
✔✔What are the 4 mineral ore sources for Copper (Cu)? - ✔✔- Malachite
- Bornite
- Cuprite
- Chalocpyrite
✔✔90 % of the worlds Primary copper occurs in which types of Ore? - ✔✔Chalcopyrite
and Bornite
✔✔Most common copper refining processes? - ✔✔- Electrolysis
- Acid leaching
- Smelting
