ORTHOPEDIC ACTUAL COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Ampthiarthosis - ✔✔Slightly movable; Vertebrae. Amphiarthotic joints are held
together with flattened disks or fibrocartilage.
✔✔Diarthosis - ✔✔Freely movable; most common. Diarthrotic joints are covered with
articular cartilage. The bones are connected by ligaments on all sides of the joint
forming a capsule of two layers. They are also known as synovial joints. These joints
are classified by the movement they allow.
✔✔Muscles - ✔✔Contractile tissue, classified as smooth (involuntary), branching
(cardiac), and striated (voluntary). Has a rich arterial blood supply and it also has a
multilevel venous drainage system to allow resaturation by lungs.
✔✔Rotation - ✔✔Moving a body part around a central axis.
✔✔Dorsiflexion - ✔✔Bending the foot upward at the ankle joint.
✔✔Plantar flexion - ✔✔Bending the foot downward at the ankle joint.
✔✔Eversion - ✔✔Turning the foot outward or inside out at the ankle joint so the sole of
the foot is shown outward.
,✔✔Inversion - ✔✔Turning the foot outward at the ankle joint so the sole of the foot is
pointing inward.
✔✔Flexion - ✔✔Bending a joint.
✔✔Extension - ✔✔Straightening a joint.
✔✔Pronation - ✔✔Pointing a body part downward (eg facing the palm of the hand
downward).
✔✔Supination - ✔✔Pointing a body part upward.
✔✔Crest - ✔✔Narrow elongation ridge/elevation of bone, such as the iliac crest.
✔✔Arthralgia - ✔✔Pain in the joint.
✔✔Arthrocentesis - ✔✔Puncture of a joint with a needle to withdraw synovial fluid for
diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid due to trauma or infection.
✔✔Osteogenesis - ✔✔Formation of bone.
✔✔Osteogenesis imperfecta - ✔✔Genetic and congential condition that involves the
defective development of connective tissue resulting in deformed and abnormally brittle
bones that ar easily fractured.
✔✔Osteoma - ✔✔Tumor of the bone.
✔✔Osteomalacia - ✔✔Abnormal condiditon characterized by softening of the bone due
to loss of calcification of the bone matrix.
✔✔Osteonecrosis - ✔✔Destruction and death of bone tissue. Occurs frequently in the
head of the femur sue to a disease process or trauma that obstructs or destroys the
blood supply to the femoral head.
✔✔Synovectomy - ✔✔Surgical removal of the synovial membrane of a joint.
✔✔Distal - ✔✔Away from the origin of the extremity.
✔✔Epicondyle - ✔✔Projection on the surface of a bone located above a condyle.
✔✔Fovea - ✔✔Another name for a depression on the bone but smaller than a fossa.
Ex: The fovea on the head of the femur, which serves as the point of attachment for the
ligamentum teres.
, ✔✔Head - ✔✔The enlarged, rounded, proximal portion of a bone, usually a long bone.
✔✔Process - ✔✔Natural growth that projects from a bone. Condyles are an example of
a process.
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔Near the origin of the limb.
✔✔Trochanter - ✔✔Large process on a bone.
✔✔Tubercule - ✔✔Small knob-like nodule or eminence on a bone.
✔✔Tuberosity - ✔✔Nodule or eminence on a bone that is larger than a tubercle.
✔✔Rheumatoid Arthritis - ✔✔Involves the connective tissue throughout the body, but
mainly involves the synovium in the joint. It is considered an autoimmune disease, in the
disease process, the body does not recognize it's own natural antibodies as "self".
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔Displacement of a bone from its socket, usually caused by trauma.
✔✔Contractures - ✔✔Shortening, drawing up of distal extension follwoing injuries.
✔✔Joint mice - ✔✔Loose particles within the joint, are caused by repeated trauma to
the knee. Joint mice often create a constant irritation within the joint cavity, which
produces an excess of synovial fluid.
✔✔Bunion - ✔✔Bony protuberance on the medial aspect of the first metatarsal. The
condition is associated with hallus valgus deformity.
✔✔Ganglion of tendon sheath - ✔✔Cystic growth commonly occuring on the dorsum of
the wrist.
✔✔Primary osteoporesis - ✔✔Idiopathic, however contributing factors include reduction
in calcium intake and hormonal imbalance. It is most commonly seen in
postmenopausal women.
✔✔Secondary osteoporesis - ✔✔Caused by extended drug use, particulary steroids, or
by extended periods of inactivity.
✔✔Coxa Valga - ✔✔Outward turning of the hip joint.
✔✔Coxa Vara - ✔✔Inward turning of the hip joint.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Ampthiarthosis - ✔✔Slightly movable; Vertebrae. Amphiarthotic joints are held
together with flattened disks or fibrocartilage.
✔✔Diarthosis - ✔✔Freely movable; most common. Diarthrotic joints are covered with
articular cartilage. The bones are connected by ligaments on all sides of the joint
forming a capsule of two layers. They are also known as synovial joints. These joints
are classified by the movement they allow.
✔✔Muscles - ✔✔Contractile tissue, classified as smooth (involuntary), branching
(cardiac), and striated (voluntary). Has a rich arterial blood supply and it also has a
multilevel venous drainage system to allow resaturation by lungs.
✔✔Rotation - ✔✔Moving a body part around a central axis.
✔✔Dorsiflexion - ✔✔Bending the foot upward at the ankle joint.
✔✔Plantar flexion - ✔✔Bending the foot downward at the ankle joint.
✔✔Eversion - ✔✔Turning the foot outward or inside out at the ankle joint so the sole of
the foot is shown outward.
,✔✔Inversion - ✔✔Turning the foot outward at the ankle joint so the sole of the foot is
pointing inward.
✔✔Flexion - ✔✔Bending a joint.
✔✔Extension - ✔✔Straightening a joint.
✔✔Pronation - ✔✔Pointing a body part downward (eg facing the palm of the hand
downward).
✔✔Supination - ✔✔Pointing a body part upward.
✔✔Crest - ✔✔Narrow elongation ridge/elevation of bone, such as the iliac crest.
✔✔Arthralgia - ✔✔Pain in the joint.
✔✔Arthrocentesis - ✔✔Puncture of a joint with a needle to withdraw synovial fluid for
diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid due to trauma or infection.
✔✔Osteogenesis - ✔✔Formation of bone.
✔✔Osteogenesis imperfecta - ✔✔Genetic and congential condition that involves the
defective development of connective tissue resulting in deformed and abnormally brittle
bones that ar easily fractured.
✔✔Osteoma - ✔✔Tumor of the bone.
✔✔Osteomalacia - ✔✔Abnormal condiditon characterized by softening of the bone due
to loss of calcification of the bone matrix.
✔✔Osteonecrosis - ✔✔Destruction and death of bone tissue. Occurs frequently in the
head of the femur sue to a disease process or trauma that obstructs or destroys the
blood supply to the femoral head.
✔✔Synovectomy - ✔✔Surgical removal of the synovial membrane of a joint.
✔✔Distal - ✔✔Away from the origin of the extremity.
✔✔Epicondyle - ✔✔Projection on the surface of a bone located above a condyle.
✔✔Fovea - ✔✔Another name for a depression on the bone but smaller than a fossa.
Ex: The fovea on the head of the femur, which serves as the point of attachment for the
ligamentum teres.
, ✔✔Head - ✔✔The enlarged, rounded, proximal portion of a bone, usually a long bone.
✔✔Process - ✔✔Natural growth that projects from a bone. Condyles are an example of
a process.
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔Near the origin of the limb.
✔✔Trochanter - ✔✔Large process on a bone.
✔✔Tubercule - ✔✔Small knob-like nodule or eminence on a bone.
✔✔Tuberosity - ✔✔Nodule or eminence on a bone that is larger than a tubercle.
✔✔Rheumatoid Arthritis - ✔✔Involves the connective tissue throughout the body, but
mainly involves the synovium in the joint. It is considered an autoimmune disease, in the
disease process, the body does not recognize it's own natural antibodies as "self".
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔Displacement of a bone from its socket, usually caused by trauma.
✔✔Contractures - ✔✔Shortening, drawing up of distal extension follwoing injuries.
✔✔Joint mice - ✔✔Loose particles within the joint, are caused by repeated trauma to
the knee. Joint mice often create a constant irritation within the joint cavity, which
produces an excess of synovial fluid.
✔✔Bunion - ✔✔Bony protuberance on the medial aspect of the first metatarsal. The
condition is associated with hallus valgus deformity.
✔✔Ganglion of tendon sheath - ✔✔Cystic growth commonly occuring on the dorsum of
the wrist.
✔✔Primary osteoporesis - ✔✔Idiopathic, however contributing factors include reduction
in calcium intake and hormonal imbalance. It is most commonly seen in
postmenopausal women.
✔✔Secondary osteoporesis - ✔✔Caused by extended drug use, particulary steroids, or
by extended periods of inactivity.
✔✔Coxa Valga - ✔✔Outward turning of the hip joint.
✔✔Coxa Vara - ✔✔Inward turning of the hip joint.
