ORTHOPEDIC 2026 EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Compartmental syndrome - ✔✔An increase in pressure within a closed space that
usually occurs in the forearm and tibia. The fractured ends of the bone cause excess
pressure that leads to neurovascular compromise. This can happen if a cast if placed on
too tight or intracompartmental bleeding.
✔✔Cast - ✔✔Most common method utilized to immobilize a fracture.
✔✔Fiberglass cast - ✔✔Stronger than plaster, achieves weight-bearing, strength faster
than plaster, waterproof (but must get dried after getting wet), durable, and lightweight.
Disadvantage: $$$$
✔✔Plaster cast - ✔✔Inexpensive, easy to manipulate and handle when applying,
strong, and rigid. Disadvantage: Not waterproof, breakdown of material can lead to
reapplication.
✔✔Splint - ✔✔A rigid device that is placed on the one side of an extremity to immobilize
and support while healing takes place. Available in many forms: plastic, wood, metal,
and plaster.
, ✔✔Short arm cast - ✔✔applied from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads; wrist
fracture.
✔✔Long arm cast - ✔✔Applied from axilla to metacarpal heads; fracture of forearm or
elbow.
✔✔Short leg cast - ✔✔Applied from tibial tuberosity to metatarsal heads; ankle and foot
fractures.
✔✔Long leg cast - ✔✔Applied from hip to metatarsal heads; fracture of femur, tibia,
fibula, and ankle.
✔✔Cylinder cast - ✔✔Applied from the groin to the ankle; required when complete knee
immobilization is desired.
✔✔Hip spica cast - ✔✔Applied to trunk, complete leg of affected side, one-half of
unaffected leg.
✔✔Body jacket cast - ✔✔Applied to trunk of body to immbolize the spine.
✔✔What are the supplies needed for casting... - ✔✔Disposable bucket for lukewarm
water, webril and stockinette of various sizes, plaster casting material of various widths
and lengths, and heavy-duty scissors.
✔✔How do you know when the roll of plaster is adequately wet and ready for
application? - ✔✔When the roll is submerged, you will see bubbles coming up from the
casting material. Once the bubbles stop rising to the surface then the material is ready
to use.
✔✔Traction - ✔✔Traction alignment can be used preoperatively, intraoperatively, and
postoperatively. Traction is used to immobilize a joint, reduce a fracture, and align a
body part. The 3 types of traction are manual, skin, and skeletal. Skeletal is most
commonly used and applying the traction is a sterile procedure. Weights are applied to
the traction device to apply traction.
✔✔Tourniquet - ✔✔Used on extremities, this aids in achieving a bloodless surgical field
which aids in visualization. An upper extremity: 1 hour, a lower extremity: 1 1/2 hours. If
not applied right or on too long, you will get no blood flow back to the effected extremity
causing tissue death.
✔✔A rotator cuff tear occurs in which region of the body? - ✔✔shoulder.
✔✔Visualization of a joint for diagnosis and conservative treatment of joint disease is
called: - ✔✔arthroscopy.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Compartmental syndrome - ✔✔An increase in pressure within a closed space that
usually occurs in the forearm and tibia. The fractured ends of the bone cause excess
pressure that leads to neurovascular compromise. This can happen if a cast if placed on
too tight or intracompartmental bleeding.
✔✔Cast - ✔✔Most common method utilized to immobilize a fracture.
✔✔Fiberglass cast - ✔✔Stronger than plaster, achieves weight-bearing, strength faster
than plaster, waterproof (but must get dried after getting wet), durable, and lightweight.
Disadvantage: $$$$
✔✔Plaster cast - ✔✔Inexpensive, easy to manipulate and handle when applying,
strong, and rigid. Disadvantage: Not waterproof, breakdown of material can lead to
reapplication.
✔✔Splint - ✔✔A rigid device that is placed on the one side of an extremity to immobilize
and support while healing takes place. Available in many forms: plastic, wood, metal,
and plaster.
, ✔✔Short arm cast - ✔✔applied from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads; wrist
fracture.
✔✔Long arm cast - ✔✔Applied from axilla to metacarpal heads; fracture of forearm or
elbow.
✔✔Short leg cast - ✔✔Applied from tibial tuberosity to metatarsal heads; ankle and foot
fractures.
✔✔Long leg cast - ✔✔Applied from hip to metatarsal heads; fracture of femur, tibia,
fibula, and ankle.
✔✔Cylinder cast - ✔✔Applied from the groin to the ankle; required when complete knee
immobilization is desired.
✔✔Hip spica cast - ✔✔Applied to trunk, complete leg of affected side, one-half of
unaffected leg.
✔✔Body jacket cast - ✔✔Applied to trunk of body to immbolize the spine.
✔✔What are the supplies needed for casting... - ✔✔Disposable bucket for lukewarm
water, webril and stockinette of various sizes, plaster casting material of various widths
and lengths, and heavy-duty scissors.
✔✔How do you know when the roll of plaster is adequately wet and ready for
application? - ✔✔When the roll is submerged, you will see bubbles coming up from the
casting material. Once the bubbles stop rising to the surface then the material is ready
to use.
✔✔Traction - ✔✔Traction alignment can be used preoperatively, intraoperatively, and
postoperatively. Traction is used to immobilize a joint, reduce a fracture, and align a
body part. The 3 types of traction are manual, skin, and skeletal. Skeletal is most
commonly used and applying the traction is a sterile procedure. Weights are applied to
the traction device to apply traction.
✔✔Tourniquet - ✔✔Used on extremities, this aids in achieving a bloodless surgical field
which aids in visualization. An upper extremity: 1 hour, a lower extremity: 1 1/2 hours. If
not applied right or on too long, you will get no blood flow back to the effected extremity
causing tissue death.
✔✔A rotator cuff tear occurs in which region of the body? - ✔✔shoulder.
✔✔Visualization of a joint for diagnosis and conservative treatment of joint disease is
called: - ✔✔arthroscopy.
