PSYCHOLOGY 255 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Kathryn wants to control for intelligence in her study. She has a list of all of the
participants for her study and their IQ scores. She sorts the list of participants according
to their IQ scores and then forms groups making sure that the groups are balanced in
terms of IQ scores. Finally, she randomly assigns each group to one of the conditions of
her study. What kind of design is Kathryn using? - ✔✔matched-groups
✔✔What design is an experiment in which each participant is randomly assigned to one
level of the independent variable and then tested on the dependent variable once? -
✔✔posttest only
✔✔Which of the following does NOT need to be considered as an alternative
explanation of the results in a within-groups design experiment? - ✔✔selection effects
✔✔Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is
planning to have all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee
then rate their enjoyment of the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment
of the tea, and finally drink a cup of milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. Eric tells
Theresa about the plans for his study and she says she is concerned that he could have
a problem with order effect in his study. How can Eric fix this problem? -
✔✔counterbalancing
,✔✔Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is
planning to have all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee
then rate their enjoyment of the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment
of the tea, and finally drink a cup of milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. What kind
of design is this? - ✔✔repeated measures
✔✔According to Cohen's conventions for effect size, how do you describe an effect size
when d = 0.50? - ✔✔moderate
✔✔In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using
the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The
participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance
away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are
three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a
repeated-measures design. What is the independent variable in this experiment? -
✔✔eye/eyes used
✔✔In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using
the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The
participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance
away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are
three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a
repeated-measures design. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? -
✔✔distance out of alignment of the rods
✔✔In an experiment, researchers: - ✔✔manipulate one variable and measure another.
✔✔In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using
the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The
participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance
away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are
three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a
repeated-measures design. How is the independent variable being manipulated in
Tetiana's design? - ✔✔within-groups
✔✔In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the
value of a coffee mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is
buying it. The endowment effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something
they own more than buyers do. Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or
sellers of a mug with their first name on it. Buyers select the maximum price they would
pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price they would accept for the mug. What
is the independent variable in this experiment? - ✔✔role of the participant
, ✔✔In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the
value of a coffee mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is
buying it. The endowment effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something
they own more than buyers do. Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or
sellers of a mug with their first name on it. Buyers select the maximum price they would
pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price they would accept for the mug. How
does Theo control for selection effects? - ✔✔by using random assignment of
participants
✔✔__________ is a simple study that uses a separate group of participants that is
generally completed before conducting the study of primary interest in order to confirm
the effectiveness of a manipulation. - ✔✔A pilot study
✔✔____________ is an extra dependent variable that can be used to help researchers
quantify how well an experimental manipulation worked. - ✔✔A manipulation check
✔✔experiment - ✔✔researchers manipulated at least one variable and measured
another
✔✔manipulated variable - ✔✔a variable that is controlled, such as when the
researchers assign participants to a particular level (value) of the variable
✔✔measured variable - ✔✔a variable in an experiment whose levels (values) are
observed and recorded
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔the variable that is manipulated in an experiment. in a
multiple-regressions analysis, a predictor variable used to explain variance in the
criterion variable
✔✔condition - ✔✔one of the levels of the independent variable in an experiment
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔in an experiment, the variable that is measured. In a
multiple-regression analysis, the single outcome, or criterion variable, the researcher
are most interested in understanding or predicting.
✔✔control variable - ✔✔a potential variable that an experimenter holds constant on
purpose
✔✔comparison group/control group - ✔✔a group in an experiment whose level on the
independent variable differs from those of the treatment group in some intended and
meaningful way
✔✔control group - ✔✔a level of an independent variable that is intended to represent
"no treatment" or a neutral condition
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Kathryn wants to control for intelligence in her study. She has a list of all of the
participants for her study and their IQ scores. She sorts the list of participants according
to their IQ scores and then forms groups making sure that the groups are balanced in
terms of IQ scores. Finally, she randomly assigns each group to one of the conditions of
her study. What kind of design is Kathryn using? - ✔✔matched-groups
✔✔What design is an experiment in which each participant is randomly assigned to one
level of the independent variable and then tested on the dependent variable once? -
✔✔posttest only
✔✔Which of the following does NOT need to be considered as an alternative
explanation of the results in a within-groups design experiment? - ✔✔selection effects
✔✔Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is
planning to have all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee
then rate their enjoyment of the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment
of the tea, and finally drink a cup of milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. Eric tells
Theresa about the plans for his study and she says she is concerned that he could have
a problem with order effect in his study. How can Eric fix this problem? -
✔✔counterbalancing
,✔✔Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is
planning to have all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee
then rate their enjoyment of the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment
of the tea, and finally drink a cup of milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. What kind
of design is this? - ✔✔repeated measures
✔✔According to Cohen's conventions for effect size, how do you describe an effect size
when d = 0.50? - ✔✔moderate
✔✔In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using
the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The
participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance
away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are
three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a
repeated-measures design. What is the independent variable in this experiment? -
✔✔eye/eyes used
✔✔In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using
the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The
participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance
away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are
three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a
repeated-measures design. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? -
✔✔distance out of alignment of the rods
✔✔In an experiment, researchers: - ✔✔manipulate one variable and measure another.
✔✔In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using
the Howard-Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The
participant manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance
away, then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are
three conditions: left eye only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a
repeated-measures design. How is the independent variable being manipulated in
Tetiana's design? - ✔✔within-groups
✔✔In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the
value of a coffee mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is
buying it. The endowment effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something
they own more than buyers do. Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or
sellers of a mug with their first name on it. Buyers select the maximum price they would
pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price they would accept for the mug. What
is the independent variable in this experiment? - ✔✔role of the participant
, ✔✔In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the
value of a coffee mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is
buying it. The endowment effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something
they own more than buyers do. Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or
sellers of a mug with their first name on it. Buyers select the maximum price they would
pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price they would accept for the mug. How
does Theo control for selection effects? - ✔✔by using random assignment of
participants
✔✔__________ is a simple study that uses a separate group of participants that is
generally completed before conducting the study of primary interest in order to confirm
the effectiveness of a manipulation. - ✔✔A pilot study
✔✔____________ is an extra dependent variable that can be used to help researchers
quantify how well an experimental manipulation worked. - ✔✔A manipulation check
✔✔experiment - ✔✔researchers manipulated at least one variable and measured
another
✔✔manipulated variable - ✔✔a variable that is controlled, such as when the
researchers assign participants to a particular level (value) of the variable
✔✔measured variable - ✔✔a variable in an experiment whose levels (values) are
observed and recorded
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔the variable that is manipulated in an experiment. in a
multiple-regressions analysis, a predictor variable used to explain variance in the
criterion variable
✔✔condition - ✔✔one of the levels of the independent variable in an experiment
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔in an experiment, the variable that is measured. In a
multiple-regression analysis, the single outcome, or criterion variable, the researcher
are most interested in understanding or predicting.
✔✔control variable - ✔✔a potential variable that an experimenter holds constant on
purpose
✔✔comparison group/control group - ✔✔a group in an experiment whose level on the
independent variable differs from those of the treatment group in some intended and
meaningful way
✔✔control group - ✔✔a level of an independent variable that is intended to represent
"no treatment" or a neutral condition
