AIRMEN LEADERSHIP SCHOOL LATEST EXAMS
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Cultural Perspective Taking - ✔✔A cognitive process by which an individual is
able to identify the thoughts and/or feelings of
another culture.
✔✔Low-context communication style - ✔✔Depends on the sender and their words to
properly convey the message.
✔✔High-context communication style - ✔✔Places the burden of understanding the
message on the receiver.
✔✔Communication competence - ✔✔Understanding how to properly communicate
in another language or culture.
✔✔Linguistic Competence - ✔✔Is a speaker's implicit, internalized
knowledge of the rules of their native
language.
✔✔Impression Management - ✔✔Includes emotion regulation, self-monitoring,
and perception acuity.
,✔✔1. During his in-processing briefing, SrA Holt hears the speaker say, "As a member
of the
USAF, you are part of a specialized society whose values, beliefs, and behaviors are
different
from the rest of the people in this country."
The speaker's comments BEST explain ____________.
a. schema
b. micro-culture
c. macro-culture - ✔✔b. CORRECT: The speaker's comments best explain micro-
culture, which, according
to the Introduction to Culture chapter, is also called a subculture and is a group of
people living within a larger society who share cultural values, beliefs, and behaviors
that are different from the macro-culture or the rest of society. In addition, people
can be members of more than one micro-culture.
✔✔2. When SSgt Ivey arrived at her deployment location, she immediately began
learning about
the Air Force mission, the country, and the local culture. She compared what she saw to
her
own past experiences, traditions, and beliefs and then, after carefully considering her
options,
she determined her best option was to gather more information before doing anything
else. A
few days later, she was glad she did, because looking back she realized it helped her
interact
more effectively with leaders from the local village and that they seemed to appreciate
her
efforts.
SSgt Ivey's actions BEST illustrate _______________ impact on her effectiveness.
a. Cross Cultural Competence skills and their
b. the OODA Loop and its
c. ethnocentrism and its - ✔✔b. CORRECT: SSgt Ivey's actions illustrate all four steps
of the OODA Loop. According to
the Introduction to Culture chapter, during the Observe step, we begin collecting data
(begins learning about the Air Force mission, the country, and the local culture) like the
type
of landscape, the sort of people around you, activities going on around you, and
reviewing
any consequences you experienced from previous actions. During the Orient step we
compare what we see to our worldview (compares what she sees to her own past
experiences,
,traditions, and beliefs) and to what is familiar to us like our own culture, past
experiences,
traditions, values, and beliefs. During the Decide step, we consider all the courses of
action
(carefully considering her options) and then during the Act step we select a course of
action
(determined her best option was to gather more information) and then reflect on the
outcome
and the response of our actions (looking back, she realized it helped her...)
✔✔Attribution - ✔✔how others actually view us. Attribution involves the sub-skills of
emotion
regulation, self-monitoring, and perceptual acuity.
✔✔Communication competence - ✔✔is the understanding of knowing how to properly
communicate in another language or culture
✔✔Culture-general - ✔✔the basis for all cross-cultural learning, including culture-
specific,
and begins with an understanding of basic concepts of a culture (kinship, gender roles,
types of
exchanges or communication norms, etc.)
✔✔culture - ✔✔is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is
shaped by many factors,
including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial, informational, technological,
material, energy, warfare, and human).
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔the human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures,
behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs
✔✔Emotion regulation - ✔✔is the ability to manage, modify, and use our
emotions toward constructive outcomes. Nonverbal communication
scholars describe it as the most important predictor of cross-cultural
adjustment and adaptation.
✔✔High Self-monitors - ✔✔tend to be more effective in foreign cultures because a
high self-monitor tends to read the social situation first and then present an appropriate
response,
as opposed to simply presenting a consistent image of self in every situation.
✔✔Holism - ✔✔means that all the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated.
Therefore, things
such as change in one area (women's rights, for example) will affect change in another
area
, (family structure, distribution of income).
✔✔Linguistic competence - ✔✔a speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules
of their native language
✔✔Macro-culture - ✔✔Macro-cultures are the most powerful or the most
widely practiced cultures in a particular society,
whether the society is a region or an entire
country.
✔✔Micro-culture, - ✔✔"subcultures". described as a group of people living
within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are
different
from the macro-culture or the rest of society.
✔✔Projection - ✔✔the image we want others to have of us
✔✔Relativism - ✔✔(as an attitude): The conviction that the beliefs and
practices of others are best understood in light of the particular
cultures where they are found.
(as a behavior): Temporarily suspending one's own
culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might
interpret or value a situation.
✔✔Schema - ✔✔a cognitive "shortcut" that helps us organize
and interpret the vast amount of information that exists in
our environment.
✔✔Self-monitoring - ✔✔is our ability to detect appropriateness of our social
behaviors and self-presentation in response to situational constraints and
to adjust our behaviors to fit the situation.
✔✔Symbols - ✔✔words, objects, and
stories that are meaningful to our culture
✔✔Perceptual acuity - ✔✔is the ability to perceive a communication situation
accurately. It involves attentiveness to both verbal and nonverbal
elements of a conversation and takes into consideration the importance of
context.
✔✔Worldview - ✔✔The sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and
interpret the
world, and their place within it.
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Cultural Perspective Taking - ✔✔A cognitive process by which an individual is
able to identify the thoughts and/or feelings of
another culture.
✔✔Low-context communication style - ✔✔Depends on the sender and their words to
properly convey the message.
✔✔High-context communication style - ✔✔Places the burden of understanding the
message on the receiver.
✔✔Communication competence - ✔✔Understanding how to properly communicate
in another language or culture.
✔✔Linguistic Competence - ✔✔Is a speaker's implicit, internalized
knowledge of the rules of their native
language.
✔✔Impression Management - ✔✔Includes emotion regulation, self-monitoring,
and perception acuity.
,✔✔1. During his in-processing briefing, SrA Holt hears the speaker say, "As a member
of the
USAF, you are part of a specialized society whose values, beliefs, and behaviors are
different
from the rest of the people in this country."
The speaker's comments BEST explain ____________.
a. schema
b. micro-culture
c. macro-culture - ✔✔b. CORRECT: The speaker's comments best explain micro-
culture, which, according
to the Introduction to Culture chapter, is also called a subculture and is a group of
people living within a larger society who share cultural values, beliefs, and behaviors
that are different from the macro-culture or the rest of society. In addition, people
can be members of more than one micro-culture.
✔✔2. When SSgt Ivey arrived at her deployment location, she immediately began
learning about
the Air Force mission, the country, and the local culture. She compared what she saw to
her
own past experiences, traditions, and beliefs and then, after carefully considering her
options,
she determined her best option was to gather more information before doing anything
else. A
few days later, she was glad she did, because looking back she realized it helped her
interact
more effectively with leaders from the local village and that they seemed to appreciate
her
efforts.
SSgt Ivey's actions BEST illustrate _______________ impact on her effectiveness.
a. Cross Cultural Competence skills and their
b. the OODA Loop and its
c. ethnocentrism and its - ✔✔b. CORRECT: SSgt Ivey's actions illustrate all four steps
of the OODA Loop. According to
the Introduction to Culture chapter, during the Observe step, we begin collecting data
(begins learning about the Air Force mission, the country, and the local culture) like the
type
of landscape, the sort of people around you, activities going on around you, and
reviewing
any consequences you experienced from previous actions. During the Orient step we
compare what we see to our worldview (compares what she sees to her own past
experiences,
,traditions, and beliefs) and to what is familiar to us like our own culture, past
experiences,
traditions, values, and beliefs. During the Decide step, we consider all the courses of
action
(carefully considering her options) and then during the Act step we select a course of
action
(determined her best option was to gather more information) and then reflect on the
outcome
and the response of our actions (looking back, she realized it helped her...)
✔✔Attribution - ✔✔how others actually view us. Attribution involves the sub-skills of
emotion
regulation, self-monitoring, and perceptual acuity.
✔✔Communication competence - ✔✔is the understanding of knowing how to properly
communicate in another language or culture
✔✔Culture-general - ✔✔the basis for all cross-cultural learning, including culture-
specific,
and begins with an understanding of basic concepts of a culture (kinship, gender roles,
types of
exchanges or communication norms, etc.)
✔✔culture - ✔✔is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is
shaped by many factors,
including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial, informational, technological,
material, energy, warfare, and human).
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔the human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures,
behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs
✔✔Emotion regulation - ✔✔is the ability to manage, modify, and use our
emotions toward constructive outcomes. Nonverbal communication
scholars describe it as the most important predictor of cross-cultural
adjustment and adaptation.
✔✔High Self-monitors - ✔✔tend to be more effective in foreign cultures because a
high self-monitor tends to read the social situation first and then present an appropriate
response,
as opposed to simply presenting a consistent image of self in every situation.
✔✔Holism - ✔✔means that all the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated.
Therefore, things
such as change in one area (women's rights, for example) will affect change in another
area
, (family structure, distribution of income).
✔✔Linguistic competence - ✔✔a speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules
of their native language
✔✔Macro-culture - ✔✔Macro-cultures are the most powerful or the most
widely practiced cultures in a particular society,
whether the society is a region or an entire
country.
✔✔Micro-culture, - ✔✔"subcultures". described as a group of people living
within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are
different
from the macro-culture or the rest of society.
✔✔Projection - ✔✔the image we want others to have of us
✔✔Relativism - ✔✔(as an attitude): The conviction that the beliefs and
practices of others are best understood in light of the particular
cultures where they are found.
(as a behavior): Temporarily suspending one's own
culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might
interpret or value a situation.
✔✔Schema - ✔✔a cognitive "shortcut" that helps us organize
and interpret the vast amount of information that exists in
our environment.
✔✔Self-monitoring - ✔✔is our ability to detect appropriateness of our social
behaviors and self-presentation in response to situational constraints and
to adjust our behaviors to fit the situation.
✔✔Symbols - ✔✔words, objects, and
stories that are meaningful to our culture
✔✔Perceptual acuity - ✔✔is the ability to perceive a communication situation
accurately. It involves attentiveness to both verbal and nonverbal
elements of a conversation and takes into consideration the importance of
context.
✔✔Worldview - ✔✔The sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and
interpret the
world, and their place within it.
