PHI 1010 Philosophy Final Exam Questions
with Correct Answers
6 main branches of philosophy
Metaphysics (nature of reality)
Epistemology (knowledge)
Ethics (morals, rights and wrongs)
Logic (truth, reasoning)
Political (laws, government)
Aesthetics (beauty, art)
Parts of an argument
Premises (assumed to be true), and the conclusion (what you are trying to prove).
Deductive arguments
The premises provide a guarantee that the conclusion is true. If it succeeds, it is valid. If it
does not, it is invalid.
Inductive arguments
The premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion.
Valid argument
A deductive argument structured in a way that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if
the premises is true.
Sound argument
Deductive argument that is valid and has all true premises.
Strong inductive argument
, An inductive argument in which it is improbable that the conclusion be false given that the
premises are true.
Ontological Argument
Something than which nothing greater can be thought.
Cosmological argument
Everything is in motion and it is moved by a first unmoved mover.
Teleological Argument
Arguments of design and watchmakers (William Paley).
Problem of Evil
God is powerful, all knowing, and good. But if he is all good, why is he not stopping the evil
in the world?
Plato's Forms
Forms are the ultimate reality, they are eternal and unchanging. They are ideals such as
beauty and the perfect circle. The essence of an object, is perfect and invisible
Descarte's Metaphysics
The world is divided into the three substances: God, the mind, and material being.
Leibniz's Principle of Sufficient Reason
There must be a reason for everything. Everything must have a full explanation for it being
the way it is. For everything around us the explanation is found outside of the thing itself.
This creates a chain but this chain cannot go on to infinity. So there must be one thing which
with Correct Answers
6 main branches of philosophy
Metaphysics (nature of reality)
Epistemology (knowledge)
Ethics (morals, rights and wrongs)
Logic (truth, reasoning)
Political (laws, government)
Aesthetics (beauty, art)
Parts of an argument
Premises (assumed to be true), and the conclusion (what you are trying to prove).
Deductive arguments
The premises provide a guarantee that the conclusion is true. If it succeeds, it is valid. If it
does not, it is invalid.
Inductive arguments
The premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion.
Valid argument
A deductive argument structured in a way that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if
the premises is true.
Sound argument
Deductive argument that is valid and has all true premises.
Strong inductive argument
, An inductive argument in which it is improbable that the conclusion be false given that the
premises are true.
Ontological Argument
Something than which nothing greater can be thought.
Cosmological argument
Everything is in motion and it is moved by a first unmoved mover.
Teleological Argument
Arguments of design and watchmakers (William Paley).
Problem of Evil
God is powerful, all knowing, and good. But if he is all good, why is he not stopping the evil
in the world?
Plato's Forms
Forms are the ultimate reality, they are eternal and unchanging. They are ideals such as
beauty and the perfect circle. The essence of an object, is perfect and invisible
Descarte's Metaphysics
The world is divided into the three substances: God, the mind, and material being.
Leibniz's Principle of Sufficient Reason
There must be a reason for everything. Everything must have a full explanation for it being
the way it is. For everything around us the explanation is found outside of the thing itself.
This creates a chain but this chain cannot go on to infinity. So there must be one thing which
