COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH EXAM 1 (NUR 439) | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE, NCLEX-STYLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
health disparities - correct answer ✔✔Differences in healthcare and health outcomes
experienced by one population compared with another, frequently associated with
race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status
social determinants of health - correct answer ✔✔-social conditions in which people live and
work
-high income countries live longer healthier lives
-social disparities: incomes, social status, education, literacy levels, homes and work
environments, support networks, gender, culture, availability of health services to them
Historical Public Health Nursing-William Rathbone: - correct answer ✔✔1859-quaker merchant,
liverpool England. Development of district nurses. Devoted life to Sick Poor
Historical Public Health Nursing-Florence Nightingale: - correct answer ✔✔1860-reduced
infections, improved environmental conditions, opened nursing school
Historical Public Health Nursing-Lemuel Shattuck: - correct answer ✔✔US 1850- sanitation
important
Report had systematic use of birth & death records and demographic data to describe
population health
Began increase in life expectancy (25 to 75)
Recommended the establishment of health department and local health boards
Historical Public Health Nursing-Dorothy Dix: - correct answer ✔✔1840- Lobbied to improve
conditions in prisons & mental hospitals
,Historical Public Health Nursing-Clara Barton - correct answer ✔✔1882-Recognized the need for
a neutral relief society in US to be activated in times of war
Founded American Red Cross
Historical Public Health Nursing-Lillian Wald - correct answer ✔✔1893-founder of public health
nursing
Founded henry street settlement
Taught health & hygiene, stressed preventative care
Acute and long term care for ill
1912- formed National Organization for Public Health Nursing (precursors to ANA scope &
standards of practice)
Advocate for women's and children's rights
Historical Public Health Nursing-Mary Breckinridge - correct answer ✔✔1925- founded frontier
nursing service (family oriented care)
Improved rural healthcare (on horseback)
Realized that maternal and infant mortality rates high in these communities, improved
education and birthing conditions, started midwifery school
Historical Public Health Nursing-The Social Security Act of 1935 - correct answer ✔✔created to
prevent recurrence of problems associated with the Great Depression. (especially for poor
elderly)
enabled states to make more provisions for poor elderly, blind, dependent and crippled
children, maternal and child welfare, public health, an administration of state unemployment
compensatio
Historical Public Health Nursing-World War II - correct answer ✔✔Congresswoman Frances
Payne Bolton founded cadet nurse corps to train nurses during ww2
applicants granted subsidization of nursing school tuition, and agreed to supply nursing services
to military & civilians during war
, Historical Public Health Nursing-Growth of programs in the 1970s - correct answer ✔✔hospice
services, day care centers for disabled, alcohol & drug abuse programs, halfway houses, and
rehab centers.
home nursing visits increased thanks to medicare changes
Historical Public Health Nursing-Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 - correct answer
✔✔requires local communities to have emergency preparedness plan and personnel
Historical Public Health Nursing-Poor Laws - correct answer ✔✔1601
All parishes provided poor relief to anyone who was not physically fit to work (the deserving
poor); beginning of state-supported assistance for poor
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔study of the distribution and determinants of states of health
and illness in human populations; used both as a research methodology to study states of
health and illness, and as a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of
health or illness.
public health nursing - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on population health through continuous
surveillance and assessment of the multiple determinants of health with the intent to promote
health and wellness; prevent disease, disability and premature death; and improve
neighborhood quality of life
challenges for public health nursing in the 21st century (7): - correct answer ✔✔-Engaging in
EBP
-Demonstrating cultural competence
-Helping eliminate health disparities and underserved populations
-Planning for community change
-Contributing to a safe & healthy environment
GUIDE, NCLEX-STYLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
health disparities - correct answer ✔✔Differences in healthcare and health outcomes
experienced by one population compared with another, frequently associated with
race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status
social determinants of health - correct answer ✔✔-social conditions in which people live and
work
-high income countries live longer healthier lives
-social disparities: incomes, social status, education, literacy levels, homes and work
environments, support networks, gender, culture, availability of health services to them
Historical Public Health Nursing-William Rathbone: - correct answer ✔✔1859-quaker merchant,
liverpool England. Development of district nurses. Devoted life to Sick Poor
Historical Public Health Nursing-Florence Nightingale: - correct answer ✔✔1860-reduced
infections, improved environmental conditions, opened nursing school
Historical Public Health Nursing-Lemuel Shattuck: - correct answer ✔✔US 1850- sanitation
important
Report had systematic use of birth & death records and demographic data to describe
population health
Began increase in life expectancy (25 to 75)
Recommended the establishment of health department and local health boards
Historical Public Health Nursing-Dorothy Dix: - correct answer ✔✔1840- Lobbied to improve
conditions in prisons & mental hospitals
,Historical Public Health Nursing-Clara Barton - correct answer ✔✔1882-Recognized the need for
a neutral relief society in US to be activated in times of war
Founded American Red Cross
Historical Public Health Nursing-Lillian Wald - correct answer ✔✔1893-founder of public health
nursing
Founded henry street settlement
Taught health & hygiene, stressed preventative care
Acute and long term care for ill
1912- formed National Organization for Public Health Nursing (precursors to ANA scope &
standards of practice)
Advocate for women's and children's rights
Historical Public Health Nursing-Mary Breckinridge - correct answer ✔✔1925- founded frontier
nursing service (family oriented care)
Improved rural healthcare (on horseback)
Realized that maternal and infant mortality rates high in these communities, improved
education and birthing conditions, started midwifery school
Historical Public Health Nursing-The Social Security Act of 1935 - correct answer ✔✔created to
prevent recurrence of problems associated with the Great Depression. (especially for poor
elderly)
enabled states to make more provisions for poor elderly, blind, dependent and crippled
children, maternal and child welfare, public health, an administration of state unemployment
compensatio
Historical Public Health Nursing-World War II - correct answer ✔✔Congresswoman Frances
Payne Bolton founded cadet nurse corps to train nurses during ww2
applicants granted subsidization of nursing school tuition, and agreed to supply nursing services
to military & civilians during war
, Historical Public Health Nursing-Growth of programs in the 1970s - correct answer ✔✔hospice
services, day care centers for disabled, alcohol & drug abuse programs, halfway houses, and
rehab centers.
home nursing visits increased thanks to medicare changes
Historical Public Health Nursing-Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 - correct answer
✔✔requires local communities to have emergency preparedness plan and personnel
Historical Public Health Nursing-Poor Laws - correct answer ✔✔1601
All parishes provided poor relief to anyone who was not physically fit to work (the deserving
poor); beginning of state-supported assistance for poor
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔study of the distribution and determinants of states of health
and illness in human populations; used both as a research methodology to study states of
health and illness, and as a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of
health or illness.
public health nursing - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on population health through continuous
surveillance and assessment of the multiple determinants of health with the intent to promote
health and wellness; prevent disease, disability and premature death; and improve
neighborhood quality of life
challenges for public health nursing in the 21st century (7): - correct answer ✔✔-Engaging in
EBP
-Demonstrating cultural competence
-Helping eliminate health disparities and underserved populations
-Planning for community change
-Contributing to a safe & healthy environment
