BSNC 2000 UPDATED EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Glucagon - ✔✔- Patients who are unconscious or cannot swallow
- Available in IM/nasal spray/SQ
✔✔Function of glucagon - ✔✔- Increase blood glucose levels
- Inhibits insulin
✔✔Dawn-phenomenon - ✔✔- Circadian variations in hormone secretions, glucagon is
secreted for daily activities
- Blood sugar normal during middle of night
✔✔Somogyi effect - ✔✔- Less common
- Insulin admin at night leads to decreased blood sugar causing increase glucagon and
epinephrine levels by morning
- Low blood sugar during middle of night
✔✔Patient education for long-term management of diabetes - ✔✔- Regular monitoring
of A1C levels
- Eye exams
- Urinalysis
- Lipid profile
,- Daily foot care
✔✔A1C level monitoring - ✔✔- Elevated blood glucose levels, glucose molecules attach
to hemoglobin
- Determines current medication is effective and glycemic control
✔✔Normal values of A1C - ✔✔4%-6%
- People with diabetes less than 7% target range
✔✔Nutrition definition - ✔✔The science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on
health and disease
✔✔Optimal nutrition - ✔✔All nutrients are available in balanced amounts for cellular
metabolism and physiological function
✔✔Nutrition involves - ✔✔1. Oral intake
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
✔✔Oral/Dietary Intake Effects of Aging - ✔✔- Dysphagia
- Forgetting to eat
- Access to food (financial)
✔✔Digestion Effects of Aging - ✔✔- Mechanical digestion (loss of teeth)
- Less saliva
- Less gastric juices
✔✔Importance of optimal nutrition in hospital - ✔✔- Healing
- Maintaining immune function
✔✔Energy intake examples - ✔✔- Eating and drinking account for 100% of energy
✔✔Energy expenditure examples - ✔✔1. Basal metabolism (60%)
2. Physical activity (25%)
3. Digestion (8%)
4. Non-exercise activity (7%)
✔✔Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔- Energy used to maintain body processes (body
temp, breathing, circulation, muscle tone)
✔✔BMR is influenced by what - ✔✔- Body size
- Composition
- Age
- Hormones
- Genetics
, - Medications
✔✔Digestion of food (thermic effect of food) - ✔✔- The energy used to digest, absorb,
assimilate food after ingestion
- Depends on amount and type of food (protein has the highest thermic effect, fat the
lowest)
✔✔Physical activity - ✔✔- The energy expended during exercise (planned and
purposeful)
- Depends on type of activity, intensity, duration, and physical fitness
✔✔Non exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) - ✔✔- Energy expended in activities
such as using stairs, dog walking, yard work and fidgeting
✔✔Insufficient nutritioin - ✔✔- Micro and macronutrients
- Impaired digestion or absorption or inadequate intake (less demand)
✔✔Consequences of insufficient nutrition - ✔✔- Insufficient calories (energy)
- Deficiency in one or more nutrients
✔✔Excess nutrition - ✔✔- Excessive intake (more demand)
✔✔Consequences of excess nutrition - ✔✔- Excess calories (energy)
- Excess of one or more nutrients
✔✔Malnutrition in older adults - ✔✔- Changes in taste and appetite
- Feeding dependency (immobility, dementia)
- Reduced chewing ability
- Limited income
- Dysphagia
- Age related intestinal atrophy
- Reduced organ function
- medications affecting absorption, adverse effects
✔✔Hospitalization and malnutrition - ✔✔- Surgery prep
- Quality of food serviced
- Side effects of medications
- Timing of the food
✔✔Conquences of malnutrition - ✔✔1. Energy imbalances (affecting body weight)
2. Nutritional deficiencies (micro and macronutrients)
3. Nutritional toxicities (macro or micro nutrients)
✔✔Macronutrients - ✔✔Calories for energy
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Glucagon - ✔✔- Patients who are unconscious or cannot swallow
- Available in IM/nasal spray/SQ
✔✔Function of glucagon - ✔✔- Increase blood glucose levels
- Inhibits insulin
✔✔Dawn-phenomenon - ✔✔- Circadian variations in hormone secretions, glucagon is
secreted for daily activities
- Blood sugar normal during middle of night
✔✔Somogyi effect - ✔✔- Less common
- Insulin admin at night leads to decreased blood sugar causing increase glucagon and
epinephrine levels by morning
- Low blood sugar during middle of night
✔✔Patient education for long-term management of diabetes - ✔✔- Regular monitoring
of A1C levels
- Eye exams
- Urinalysis
- Lipid profile
,- Daily foot care
✔✔A1C level monitoring - ✔✔- Elevated blood glucose levels, glucose molecules attach
to hemoglobin
- Determines current medication is effective and glycemic control
✔✔Normal values of A1C - ✔✔4%-6%
- People with diabetes less than 7% target range
✔✔Nutrition definition - ✔✔The science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on
health and disease
✔✔Optimal nutrition - ✔✔All nutrients are available in balanced amounts for cellular
metabolism and physiological function
✔✔Nutrition involves - ✔✔1. Oral intake
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
✔✔Oral/Dietary Intake Effects of Aging - ✔✔- Dysphagia
- Forgetting to eat
- Access to food (financial)
✔✔Digestion Effects of Aging - ✔✔- Mechanical digestion (loss of teeth)
- Less saliva
- Less gastric juices
✔✔Importance of optimal nutrition in hospital - ✔✔- Healing
- Maintaining immune function
✔✔Energy intake examples - ✔✔- Eating and drinking account for 100% of energy
✔✔Energy expenditure examples - ✔✔1. Basal metabolism (60%)
2. Physical activity (25%)
3. Digestion (8%)
4. Non-exercise activity (7%)
✔✔Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔- Energy used to maintain body processes (body
temp, breathing, circulation, muscle tone)
✔✔BMR is influenced by what - ✔✔- Body size
- Composition
- Age
- Hormones
- Genetics
, - Medications
✔✔Digestion of food (thermic effect of food) - ✔✔- The energy used to digest, absorb,
assimilate food after ingestion
- Depends on amount and type of food (protein has the highest thermic effect, fat the
lowest)
✔✔Physical activity - ✔✔- The energy expended during exercise (planned and
purposeful)
- Depends on type of activity, intensity, duration, and physical fitness
✔✔Non exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) - ✔✔- Energy expended in activities
such as using stairs, dog walking, yard work and fidgeting
✔✔Insufficient nutritioin - ✔✔- Micro and macronutrients
- Impaired digestion or absorption or inadequate intake (less demand)
✔✔Consequences of insufficient nutrition - ✔✔- Insufficient calories (energy)
- Deficiency in one or more nutrients
✔✔Excess nutrition - ✔✔- Excessive intake (more demand)
✔✔Consequences of excess nutrition - ✔✔- Excess calories (energy)
- Excess of one or more nutrients
✔✔Malnutrition in older adults - ✔✔- Changes in taste and appetite
- Feeding dependency (immobility, dementia)
- Reduced chewing ability
- Limited income
- Dysphagia
- Age related intestinal atrophy
- Reduced organ function
- medications affecting absorption, adverse effects
✔✔Hospitalization and malnutrition - ✔✔- Surgery prep
- Quality of food serviced
- Side effects of medications
- Timing of the food
✔✔Conquences of malnutrition - ✔✔1. Energy imbalances (affecting body weight)
2. Nutritional deficiencies (micro and macronutrients)
3. Nutritional toxicities (macro or micro nutrients)
✔✔Macronutrients - ✔✔Calories for energy
