NURS 4331 Nursing of Children and
Adolescents Final Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationale
2027 Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1. A nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. Which
finding requires immediate intervention?
A. Heart rate of 140 beats/min
B. Acrocyanosis of the hands and feet
C. Apnea lasting longer than 20 seconds
D. Respiratory rate of 45 breaths/min
Answer: C. Apnea lasting longer than 20 seconds
Rationale: Apnea lasting more than 20 seconds is abnormal and may
indicate respiratory distress, neurological impairment, or infection.
Immediate assessment and intervention are required to restore
adequate oxygenation. A heart rate of 140 beats/min and a respiratory
rate of 45 breaths/min are normal for a newborn. Acrocyanosis is a
common, temporary finding during the first 24–48 hours after birth.
, 2. Which immunization is routinely administered at birth?
A. DTaP
B. MMR
C. Varicella
D. Hepatitis B
Answer: D. Hepatitis B
Rationale: The hepatitis B vaccine is routinely administered within 24
hours of birth to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus.
DTaP begins at 2 months of age, while MMR and varicella vaccines are
administered at 12–15 months.
3. Which developmental milestone is expected for a 6-month-old
infant?
A. Walks independently
B. Uses two-word phrases
C. Rolls from back to stomach
D. Rides a tricycle
Answer: C. Rolls from back to stomach
,Rationale: By 6 months, infants commonly roll both ways, sit with
support, transfer objects between hands, and begin babbling. Walking,
combining words, and riding a tricycle occur much later in childhood.
4. The nurse is teaching parents about sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS). Which instruction is most appropriate?
A. Place the infant on the stomach to sleep.
B. Use soft blankets in the crib.
C. Share the parents' bed during sleep.
D. Place the infant on the back to sleep.
Answer: D. Place the infant on the back to sleep.
Rationale: The safest sleep position for infants is supine (on the back).
This significantly reduces the risk of SIDS. Soft bedding, pillows, toys,
and bed-sharing increase the risk of suffocation and sudden infant
death.
5. Which assessment finding is expected in a healthy 2-year-old
child?
A. Posterior fontanel open
B. Parallel play
, C. Permanent teeth present
D. Ability to read simple books
Answer: B. Parallel play
Rationale: Toddlers characteristically engage in parallel play, playing
beside rather than directly with other children. Fontanels are closed by
this age, permanent teeth have not erupted, and reading skills develop
years later.
6. Which laboratory value is most concerning in a child receiving
chemotherapy?
A. Hemoglobin 12 g/dL
B. Platelets 180,000/mm³
C. Absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm³
D. Sodium 138 mEq/L
Answer: C. Absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm³
Rationale: An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 500/mm³ indicates
severe neutropenia, placing the child at high risk for life-threatening
infections. The remaining laboratory values fall within normal or
acceptable ranges.
Adolescents Final Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationale
2027 Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1. A nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. Which
finding requires immediate intervention?
A. Heart rate of 140 beats/min
B. Acrocyanosis of the hands and feet
C. Apnea lasting longer than 20 seconds
D. Respiratory rate of 45 breaths/min
Answer: C. Apnea lasting longer than 20 seconds
Rationale: Apnea lasting more than 20 seconds is abnormal and may
indicate respiratory distress, neurological impairment, or infection.
Immediate assessment and intervention are required to restore
adequate oxygenation. A heart rate of 140 beats/min and a respiratory
rate of 45 breaths/min are normal for a newborn. Acrocyanosis is a
common, temporary finding during the first 24–48 hours after birth.
, 2. Which immunization is routinely administered at birth?
A. DTaP
B. MMR
C. Varicella
D. Hepatitis B
Answer: D. Hepatitis B
Rationale: The hepatitis B vaccine is routinely administered within 24
hours of birth to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus.
DTaP begins at 2 months of age, while MMR and varicella vaccines are
administered at 12–15 months.
3. Which developmental milestone is expected for a 6-month-old
infant?
A. Walks independently
B. Uses two-word phrases
C. Rolls from back to stomach
D. Rides a tricycle
Answer: C. Rolls from back to stomach
,Rationale: By 6 months, infants commonly roll both ways, sit with
support, transfer objects between hands, and begin babbling. Walking,
combining words, and riding a tricycle occur much later in childhood.
4. The nurse is teaching parents about sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS). Which instruction is most appropriate?
A. Place the infant on the stomach to sleep.
B. Use soft blankets in the crib.
C. Share the parents' bed during sleep.
D. Place the infant on the back to sleep.
Answer: D. Place the infant on the back to sleep.
Rationale: The safest sleep position for infants is supine (on the back).
This significantly reduces the risk of SIDS. Soft bedding, pillows, toys,
and bed-sharing increase the risk of suffocation and sudden infant
death.
5. Which assessment finding is expected in a healthy 2-year-old
child?
A. Posterior fontanel open
B. Parallel play
, C. Permanent teeth present
D. Ability to read simple books
Answer: B. Parallel play
Rationale: Toddlers characteristically engage in parallel play, playing
beside rather than directly with other children. Fontanels are closed by
this age, permanent teeth have not erupted, and reading skills develop
years later.
6. Which laboratory value is most concerning in a child receiving
chemotherapy?
A. Hemoglobin 12 g/dL
B. Platelets 180,000/mm³
C. Absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm³
D. Sodium 138 mEq/L
Answer: C. Absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm³
Rationale: An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 500/mm³ indicates
severe neutropenia, placing the child at high risk for life-threatening
infections. The remaining laboratory values fall within normal or
acceptable ranges.
