CNUR 202- Final Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
The study of drugs
Pharmacology
The clinical uses of drugs to prevent and treat disease
Pharmacotherapeutics
Assess
Diagnose
Plan
Intervene
Evaluate (monitor)
Nursing process
Chemical composition
Chemical name
Commonly known, less expensive drug
Generic name
Patented, belongs to company
Trade name
Group of drugs with similar properties
Classification
Natural drugs sources
Pharmacognosy
Drugs enter body and disintegrates
Pharmaceutical phase
Drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted
,Pharmacokinetics
Available drug interacts with receptors to produce effects
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacokinetic phase or time from a drug entering the body until drug enters the
bloodstream, affected by forms of medication, route of administration, and patient
variables.
Absorption
Extent of drug absorption to systemic blood circulation
Bioavailability
Drugs inhaled or administered through this way are absorbed rapidly through mucous
membranes
Buccal or sublingual
Drugs administered this way is affected by form (liquid or solid), acid or food in
stomach
By mouth
Absorption of this route is affected by route, blood flow to site of entry, administration,
and dosage
Injected drugs
The route a drug takes to the site of action, depends on adequate blood circulation.
Distribution
If drug is _________________ or bound to albumin in blood, it cannot pass outside
blood to tissues. Only drug molecules that are not ___________________ can be freely
distributed to tissue outside blood vessels.
Protein bound
,1) an inactive metabolite or less active form
2) a more soluble compound
3) a more potent metabolite
Metabolism
LIver metabolizes drugs absorbed in the __________________ tract
Gastrointestinal
The ____________________ inactivates a portion then moves drug to excretion
First-pass effect
- In infants with immature hepatic enzyme system
- In people with impaired hepatic blood flow (includes livers disease in older adults)
- People with severe hepatic, renal, CV disease, low serum albumin, or starvation
- With drug-drug interactions (when drugs compete for the same metabolizing enzymes)
Drug metabolism is decreased
- With some conditions (fast acetylator, a genetic influence on response to a substance:
pharmacogenetics)
- Drugs (enzyme inducers, or if people develop tolerance for example barbiturates,
phenytoin, rifampin)
Drug metabolism is increased
Drug is expelled or excreted from the body with a functioning circulatory system.
Most drugs are excreted by kidneys in urine
Liver can excrete drugs in bile, which is eliminated by bowels
Less commonly drugs are eliminated by lungs, sweat glands, salivary and mammary
glands.
Excretion
, (Elimination half life) is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to
decrease by 50%
Serum half life
Is when the amount of drug removed by elimination is equal to amount of drug
absorbed with each dose. The goal of reaching steady state is to have consistent amount
of drug correlating to maximum therapeutic benefits.
Steady state
The time is takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response, example: insulin lispro
(Humalog): 15-30 minutes
Onset
The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response, example:
insulin lispro (Humalog): 30 minutes - 2.5 hours
Peak
The length of time a sufficient drug concentration is therapeutic, example: insulin lispro
(Humalog): 3-6.5 hours
Duration
Too much drug in body, from a single dose (at peak) or multiple doses
Drug toxicity
Is desired response to correct a physiological or biochemical condition
Therapeutic effect of a drug
Is the ratio of a drug's toxic level to the therapeutic level.
Therapeutic index
Small difference between the therapeutic level of a dose and a toxic dose
Low therapeutic index
When a person's response to repeated doses decreases
Correct Answers
The study of drugs
Pharmacology
The clinical uses of drugs to prevent and treat disease
Pharmacotherapeutics
Assess
Diagnose
Plan
Intervene
Evaluate (monitor)
Nursing process
Chemical composition
Chemical name
Commonly known, less expensive drug
Generic name
Patented, belongs to company
Trade name
Group of drugs with similar properties
Classification
Natural drugs sources
Pharmacognosy
Drugs enter body and disintegrates
Pharmaceutical phase
Drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted
,Pharmacokinetics
Available drug interacts with receptors to produce effects
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacokinetic phase or time from a drug entering the body until drug enters the
bloodstream, affected by forms of medication, route of administration, and patient
variables.
Absorption
Extent of drug absorption to systemic blood circulation
Bioavailability
Drugs inhaled or administered through this way are absorbed rapidly through mucous
membranes
Buccal or sublingual
Drugs administered this way is affected by form (liquid or solid), acid or food in
stomach
By mouth
Absorption of this route is affected by route, blood flow to site of entry, administration,
and dosage
Injected drugs
The route a drug takes to the site of action, depends on adequate blood circulation.
Distribution
If drug is _________________ or bound to albumin in blood, it cannot pass outside
blood to tissues. Only drug molecules that are not ___________________ can be freely
distributed to tissue outside blood vessels.
Protein bound
,1) an inactive metabolite or less active form
2) a more soluble compound
3) a more potent metabolite
Metabolism
LIver metabolizes drugs absorbed in the __________________ tract
Gastrointestinal
The ____________________ inactivates a portion then moves drug to excretion
First-pass effect
- In infants with immature hepatic enzyme system
- In people with impaired hepatic blood flow (includes livers disease in older adults)
- People with severe hepatic, renal, CV disease, low serum albumin, or starvation
- With drug-drug interactions (when drugs compete for the same metabolizing enzymes)
Drug metabolism is decreased
- With some conditions (fast acetylator, a genetic influence on response to a substance:
pharmacogenetics)
- Drugs (enzyme inducers, or if people develop tolerance for example barbiturates,
phenytoin, rifampin)
Drug metabolism is increased
Drug is expelled or excreted from the body with a functioning circulatory system.
Most drugs are excreted by kidneys in urine
Liver can excrete drugs in bile, which is eliminated by bowels
Less commonly drugs are eliminated by lungs, sweat glands, salivary and mammary
glands.
Excretion
, (Elimination half life) is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to
decrease by 50%
Serum half life
Is when the amount of drug removed by elimination is equal to amount of drug
absorbed with each dose. The goal of reaching steady state is to have consistent amount
of drug correlating to maximum therapeutic benefits.
Steady state
The time is takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response, example: insulin lispro
(Humalog): 15-30 minutes
Onset
The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response, example:
insulin lispro (Humalog): 30 minutes - 2.5 hours
Peak
The length of time a sufficient drug concentration is therapeutic, example: insulin lispro
(Humalog): 3-6.5 hours
Duration
Too much drug in body, from a single dose (at peak) or multiple doses
Drug toxicity
Is desired response to correct a physiological or biochemical condition
Therapeutic effect of a drug
Is the ratio of a drug's toxic level to the therapeutic level.
Therapeutic index
Small difference between the therapeutic level of a dose and a toxic dose
Low therapeutic index
When a person's response to repeated doses decreases
