CLASS 10 SCIENCE - CHAPTER 10 NOTES
THE HUMAN EYE & THE COLOURFUL WORLD
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PAGE 1: REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM & DISPERSION
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[1.1] REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH A TRIANGULAR GLASS PRISM
* Prism: Yeh ek triangular glass ka block hota hai jisme do triangular bases
aur teen rectangular lateral surfaces hote hain.
* Angle of Prism (∠A): Prism ke do lateral faces ke beech ke angle ko Angle of
Prism kehte hain.
* Angle of Deviation (∠D): Incident ray (aane waali kiran) aur Emergent ray
(bahar nikalne waali kiran) ke beech jo angle banta hai, use Angle of Deviation
kehte hain. Yeh batata hai ki light kitni mudi hai.
[1.2] DISPERSION OF WHITE LIGHT (Prakash ka Vikshepan)
* Definition: Jab White light (jaise Sunlight) kisi glass prism se guzarti hai,
toh wo apne 7 alag-alag rangon (constituent colors) mein toot (split) jaati hai.
Is process ko Dispersion kehte hain.
* Spectrum: Prism se nikalne ke baad jo 7 rangon ka band (patti) dikhta hai,
use Spectrum kehte hain.
* VIBGYOR Formula: Rangon ka kram neeche se upar is tarah hota hai:
V - Violet (Baingani)
I - Indigo (Gehra Neela)
B - Blue (Neela)
G - Green (Hara)
Y - Yellow (Peela)
O - Orange (Narangi)
R - Red (Laal)
* Cause of Dispersion (Karan): Alag-alag rangon ki light ki speed glass ke andar
alag-alag hoti hai.
* Red color sabse kam mudta hai (Least deviated) kyunki uski speed zyada hoti hai.
* Violet color sabse zyada mudta hai (Most deviated) kyunki uski speed kam hoti hai.
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PAGE 2: RECOMBINATION & RAINBOW FORMATION
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[2.1] ISAAC NEWTON'S EXPERIMENT (Recombination of Spectrum)
* Sir Isaac Newton ne sabse pehle bataya ki sunlight 7 rangon se bani hai.
* Unhone ek seedha prism rakha jisse white light 7 rangon mein toot gayi.
* Phir unhone uske aage ek **Inverted Prism (ulta prism)** rakh diya.
* Result: Ulte prism se guzarne ke baad wo 7 rang dobara milkar ek Single White Light
THE HUMAN EYE & THE COLOURFUL WORLD
======================================================================
==========
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 1: REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM & DISPERSION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1.1] REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH A TRIANGULAR GLASS PRISM
* Prism: Yeh ek triangular glass ka block hota hai jisme do triangular bases
aur teen rectangular lateral surfaces hote hain.
* Angle of Prism (∠A): Prism ke do lateral faces ke beech ke angle ko Angle of
Prism kehte hain.
* Angle of Deviation (∠D): Incident ray (aane waali kiran) aur Emergent ray
(bahar nikalne waali kiran) ke beech jo angle banta hai, use Angle of Deviation
kehte hain. Yeh batata hai ki light kitni mudi hai.
[1.2] DISPERSION OF WHITE LIGHT (Prakash ka Vikshepan)
* Definition: Jab White light (jaise Sunlight) kisi glass prism se guzarti hai,
toh wo apne 7 alag-alag rangon (constituent colors) mein toot (split) jaati hai.
Is process ko Dispersion kehte hain.
* Spectrum: Prism se nikalne ke baad jo 7 rangon ka band (patti) dikhta hai,
use Spectrum kehte hain.
* VIBGYOR Formula: Rangon ka kram neeche se upar is tarah hota hai:
V - Violet (Baingani)
I - Indigo (Gehra Neela)
B - Blue (Neela)
G - Green (Hara)
Y - Yellow (Peela)
O - Orange (Narangi)
R - Red (Laal)
* Cause of Dispersion (Karan): Alag-alag rangon ki light ki speed glass ke andar
alag-alag hoti hai.
* Red color sabse kam mudta hai (Least deviated) kyunki uski speed zyada hoti hai.
* Violet color sabse zyada mudta hai (Most deviated) kyunki uski speed kam hoti hai.
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PAGE 2: RECOMBINATION & RAINBOW FORMATION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[2.1] ISAAC NEWTON'S EXPERIMENT (Recombination of Spectrum)
* Sir Isaac Newton ne sabse pehle bataya ki sunlight 7 rangon se bani hai.
* Unhone ek seedha prism rakha jisse white light 7 rangon mein toot gayi.
* Phir unhone uske aage ek **Inverted Prism (ulta prism)** rakh diya.
* Result: Ulte prism se guzarne ke baad wo 7 rang dobara milkar ek Single White Light
