BIO 201 LECTURE EXAM 1 2026
WITH QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED
A+
How are anatomy and physiology related? - answer-Anatomy is the study of the internal
and external parts of the body.
Physiology is how living organisms perform their vital functions.
List and describe the specialties of anatomy. - answer-Gross anatomy/macroscopic
anatomy examines large, visible structures:
-surface anatomy: exterior feat.
-regional anatomy: body areas
Systematic anatomy: groups of organs working together (skeletal system)
-Developmental anatomy:from egg to maturity
-clinical anatomy: medical specialties(surgical anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy examines cells and molecules:
-cytology: cells and their structures
-histology: tissues and their structures
List and describe the specialties of physiology - answer--Cell physiology: processes
within and between cells
-Organ physiology: functions of specific
-Systemic physiology: functions of an organ system
-Pathological physiology: effects of diseases
Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain
how they're related. - answer-Chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism.
,Define metabolism. - answer-the chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues
of the body
Compare and contrast catabolism with anabolism. Use examples to help understand
the differences. - answer-Catabolism: tearing down; decomposition of complex
molecules within the body's cells or tissues(breaking down glucose)
Anabolism: building up; synthesis of new molecules within the body's cells or tissues
Define homeostasis and explain its importance - answer-is the property of a system in
which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively
constant.
Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Use examples to help
understand the difference - answer-Intrinsic regulation: autoregulation
-levels decrease at a tissue
Extrinsic regulation: more distant regulation
-during exercise
List and describe the three control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis -
answer-Receptor (sensor)
-respond to changes in the environment
-sends info to control center
Control Center (intergrator)
-determines set point
-analyzes info
-determines appropriate response
Effector
, -provides a means for response to the stimulus
Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Use examples to help explain
each. - answer-Negative feedback:
-includes homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity once balance in the body is
reached
Positive feedback:
-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
-in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Describe a person in anatomical position - answer-hands at sides
palms facing forward
feet together
on back
Define Anterior - answer-the front side
Define posterior - answer-the back side
Define lateral - answer-farther away from body
Define medial - answer-close to body
Define proximal - answer-closer to body-in terms of arm would be shoulder
Define distal - answer-farther from body-in terms of arm would be fingers
WITH QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED
A+
How are anatomy and physiology related? - answer-Anatomy is the study of the internal
and external parts of the body.
Physiology is how living organisms perform their vital functions.
List and describe the specialties of anatomy. - answer-Gross anatomy/macroscopic
anatomy examines large, visible structures:
-surface anatomy: exterior feat.
-regional anatomy: body areas
Systematic anatomy: groups of organs working together (skeletal system)
-Developmental anatomy:from egg to maturity
-clinical anatomy: medical specialties(surgical anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy examines cells and molecules:
-cytology: cells and their structures
-histology: tissues and their structures
List and describe the specialties of physiology - answer--Cell physiology: processes
within and between cells
-Organ physiology: functions of specific
-Systemic physiology: functions of an organ system
-Pathological physiology: effects of diseases
Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain
how they're related. - answer-Chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism.
,Define metabolism. - answer-the chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues
of the body
Compare and contrast catabolism with anabolism. Use examples to help understand
the differences. - answer-Catabolism: tearing down; decomposition of complex
molecules within the body's cells or tissues(breaking down glucose)
Anabolism: building up; synthesis of new molecules within the body's cells or tissues
Define homeostasis and explain its importance - answer-is the property of a system in
which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively
constant.
Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Use examples to help
understand the difference - answer-Intrinsic regulation: autoregulation
-levels decrease at a tissue
Extrinsic regulation: more distant regulation
-during exercise
List and describe the three control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis -
answer-Receptor (sensor)
-respond to changes in the environment
-sends info to control center
Control Center (intergrator)
-determines set point
-analyzes info
-determines appropriate response
Effector
, -provides a means for response to the stimulus
Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Use examples to help explain
each. - answer-Negative feedback:
-includes homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity once balance in the body is
reached
Positive feedback:
-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
-in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Describe a person in anatomical position - answer-hands at sides
palms facing forward
feet together
on back
Define Anterior - answer-the front side
Define posterior - answer-the back side
Define lateral - answer-farther away from body
Define medial - answer-close to body
Define proximal - answer-closer to body-in terms of arm would be shoulder
Define distal - answer-farther from body-in terms of arm would be fingers
