NSG 170: Perfusion Exam with 100%
Correct Answers
Stroke volume (SV) - ANSWER-The amount of blood pumped into the aorta with each
contraction of the left ventricle
Heart Rate (HR) - ANSWER-number of heart beats per minute
Cardiac output (CO) - ANSWER-the amount of blood pumped by the heart into the
pulmonary and systemic circulations in 1 minute
Contractility - ANSWER-the inherent capability of the muscle fibers to shorten
Preload - ANSWER-Amount of cardiac muscle fiber tension, or stretch that exists at the
end of diastole, just before contraction of the ventricles. How much blood that is in the
heart.
Afterload - ANSWER-the force the ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume
Ejection fraction - ANSWER-the fraction of percentage of the diastolic volume that is
ejected from the heart during systole
Blood pressure - ANSWER-the force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries
as it is pumped from the heart
Trouble with the lungs affects which side of the heart? - ANSWER-The right side. It
affects preload and means there is a fluid buildup somewhere. Causes high BP and
high HR
What is venous thrombosis? - ANSWER-Most common disorder of the veins and
involves the formation of a thrombus (clot) in association with inflammation of the vein
Risk factors for venous thrombosis? - ANSWER--old age
-obesity
-immobility
-sedentary lifestyle
-cancer
-history of varicose veins
-oral contraceptives/hormones
, What are the symptoms of venous thrombosis? - ANSWER--pain
-edema
-erythema, warmth, tenderness along vein
-pulmonary embolism (SOB, tachypnea, tachycardia, chest pain, syncope)
What is D-dimer? - ANSWER--fibrin degradation product that is elevated int he
presence of a thrombus
-negative decreases likelihood of DVT or PE
Nursing interventions for venous thrombosis - ANSWER--bedrest until anticoagulants
initiated
-walking but not standing or sitting for more than 1 hour
-bed exercises
-deep breathing
-compression stockings
-elevate extremity above level of heart
Main difference between arterial and venous disorders? - ANSWER--arterial disorders
are caused by lack of blood flow to the extremities
-venous disorders are caused by the blood not being able to make it back up to the
heart due to a constricted vessel or a clot
Main difference between arterial disorders and venous ulcers? - ANSWER-Arterial
ulcers:
-due to ischemia
-occur on weight bearing points
-do not bleed profusely
-are painless due to associated neuropathy
Venous ulcers:
-due to stagnation of blood under pressure
-occur on the medical side of the leg
-bleed profusely
-are painful
What is considered normal blood pressure? - ANSWER-90--79
What is considered prehypertension? - ANSWER-120--89
What is considered stage 1 hypertension? - ANSWER-140--99
What is considered stage 2 hypertension? - ANSWER-160--109
What is considered stage 3 hypertension? - ANSWER->180 / >110
Correct Answers
Stroke volume (SV) - ANSWER-The amount of blood pumped into the aorta with each
contraction of the left ventricle
Heart Rate (HR) - ANSWER-number of heart beats per minute
Cardiac output (CO) - ANSWER-the amount of blood pumped by the heart into the
pulmonary and systemic circulations in 1 minute
Contractility - ANSWER-the inherent capability of the muscle fibers to shorten
Preload - ANSWER-Amount of cardiac muscle fiber tension, or stretch that exists at the
end of diastole, just before contraction of the ventricles. How much blood that is in the
heart.
Afterload - ANSWER-the force the ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume
Ejection fraction - ANSWER-the fraction of percentage of the diastolic volume that is
ejected from the heart during systole
Blood pressure - ANSWER-the force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries
as it is pumped from the heart
Trouble with the lungs affects which side of the heart? - ANSWER-The right side. It
affects preload and means there is a fluid buildup somewhere. Causes high BP and
high HR
What is venous thrombosis? - ANSWER-Most common disorder of the veins and
involves the formation of a thrombus (clot) in association with inflammation of the vein
Risk factors for venous thrombosis? - ANSWER--old age
-obesity
-immobility
-sedentary lifestyle
-cancer
-history of varicose veins
-oral contraceptives/hormones
, What are the symptoms of venous thrombosis? - ANSWER--pain
-edema
-erythema, warmth, tenderness along vein
-pulmonary embolism (SOB, tachypnea, tachycardia, chest pain, syncope)
What is D-dimer? - ANSWER--fibrin degradation product that is elevated int he
presence of a thrombus
-negative decreases likelihood of DVT or PE
Nursing interventions for venous thrombosis - ANSWER--bedrest until anticoagulants
initiated
-walking but not standing or sitting for more than 1 hour
-bed exercises
-deep breathing
-compression stockings
-elevate extremity above level of heart
Main difference between arterial and venous disorders? - ANSWER--arterial disorders
are caused by lack of blood flow to the extremities
-venous disorders are caused by the blood not being able to make it back up to the
heart due to a constricted vessel or a clot
Main difference between arterial disorders and venous ulcers? - ANSWER-Arterial
ulcers:
-due to ischemia
-occur on weight bearing points
-do not bleed profusely
-are painless due to associated neuropathy
Venous ulcers:
-due to stagnation of blood under pressure
-occur on the medical side of the leg
-bleed profusely
-are painful
What is considered normal blood pressure? - ANSWER-90--79
What is considered prehypertension? - ANSWER-120--89
What is considered stage 1 hypertension? - ANSWER-140--99
What is considered stage 2 hypertension? - ANSWER-160--109
What is considered stage 3 hypertension? - ANSWER->180 / >110
