NSG 170 - Cellular Regulation Exam
Questions and Answers
What is cellular regulation? - ANS-The process to control cellular growth, replication,
and differentiation to maintain homeostasis
What is cellular growth? - ANS-to division and continued growth of the original cell
What is cellular replication? - ANS-making a copy of a specific cell
What is proliferation? - ANS-the reproduction of new cells through cell growth and cell
division
What is differentiation? - ANS-the acquisition of a specific cell function, a normal
process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type
What is neoplasia? - ANS-an abnormal and progressive multiplication of cells, leading
to the formation of a neoplasm (also known as a tumor).
What is a neoplasm? - ANS-(tumor) a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part
of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.
A neoplasm (tumor) are divided into what two categories? - ANS-Benign or Malignant
(cancerous)
Benign Tumor - ANS-A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular
changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and generally
remain at the site of the tumor's origin.
Drugs ending in -mab or -mib are: - ANS-Monoclonal Antibodies and are all TARGETED
therapies.
Think SEVERE acne!
Malignant Tumor - ANS-An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring
tissue and to other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor.
New cells are created at the same rate as older cells ___. - ANS-Die
What is aptosis - ANS-programmed cell death
,When a signaling mistake occurs in the cell cycle, surveillance mechanisms are present
to recognize the error and repair the mistake. If the error cannot be repaired, the cell
can be actively destroyed
Cancer is the ____ most common cause of death in the US - ANS-Second
Cancer accounts for ___ of all deaths - ANS-25%
The three most common cancers in MEN are: - ANS-1. Prostate
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
The three most common cancers in WOMEN are: - ANS-1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
Which cancer is the most common overall? - ANS-Lung Cancer
Which cancers are the most common in children? - ANS-Leukemia and Brain/CNS
cancers
___ presents obstacles to receiving health care services related to prevention, early
detection and high-quality treatment - ANS-Poverty
____ is the single most important risk factor for cancer - ANS-Advancing age
At least 30% of all cancer-related deaths and 87% of lung cancer deaths attributed to
___. - ANS-Smoking
Smoking is a known risk factor for ___ different types of cancers - ANS-16
____ is estimated to cause 21,400 lung cancer deaths worldwide annually - ANS-
Secondhand Smoke
Snuff, lozenges, and chewing tobacco are all associated with increased risk of which
cancer? - ANS-oral cavity, esophagus, and pancreas
Hepatitis B and C viruses cause which cancer? - ANS-Liver Cancer
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes which cancers? - ANS-cervical, oropharyngeal
(esophageal), and anal cancer
Helicobacteria pylori causes which cancer? - ANS-Gastric cancer
Vaccines are available to prevent infection by ___ and ___. - ANS-hepatitis B and HPV
, Only approximately ___% of all cancers result from an inherited genetic alteration that is
associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer - ANS-5%
Women with a ___ gene mutation that confers a 70% lifetime risk of developing either
breast or ovarian cancer - ANS-BRCA1 or BRCA2
BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are linked to increased risk for ____ cancers. - ANS-
pancreatic, prostate, & ovarian
BRCA2 gene causes an increased risk of breast cancer in ___. - ANS-Men
Triple negative breast cancer - ANS-the three most common types of receptors known
to fuel most breast cancer growth-estrogen, progesterone, and the HER-2/neu gene-
are not present in the cancer tumor
Medications do not have a receptor. Poor prognosis.
What is a mammogram? - ANS-an x-ray of the breast that can help detect breast cancer
Needle Biopsy - ANS-a hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for
examination
Sentinel Node Biopsy - ANS-a biopsy of the first lymph node to come into contact with
cancer cells as they leave the organ of origination and start spreading into the rest of
the body
____ is the key to preventing or successfully treating breast cancer. - ANS-Early
detection
What are the two main types of radiation exposure that are linked to an increased risk of
developing certain types of cancer? - ANS-Ultraviolet and Ionizing
What is ionizing radiation? - ANS-includes medical radiation from tests used to both
diagnose (x-rays and computed tomography scans) and treat (radiation therapy)
disease
Ionizing radiation is responsible for an increased risk of developing which cancers? -
ANS-1. Leukemia
2. Breast Cancer
3. Thyroid Cancer
What is ultraviolet radiation? - ANS-from the sun is the main cause of melanoma and
the ubiquitous nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal and squamous)
What is radon gas? - ANS-A colorless, odorless gas that is naturally occurring decay
product of uranium. It is also another source of ionizing radiation.
Questions and Answers
What is cellular regulation? - ANS-The process to control cellular growth, replication,
and differentiation to maintain homeostasis
What is cellular growth? - ANS-to division and continued growth of the original cell
What is cellular replication? - ANS-making a copy of a specific cell
What is proliferation? - ANS-the reproduction of new cells through cell growth and cell
division
What is differentiation? - ANS-the acquisition of a specific cell function, a normal
process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type
What is neoplasia? - ANS-an abnormal and progressive multiplication of cells, leading
to the formation of a neoplasm (also known as a tumor).
What is a neoplasm? - ANS-(tumor) a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part
of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.
A neoplasm (tumor) are divided into what two categories? - ANS-Benign or Malignant
(cancerous)
Benign Tumor - ANS-A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular
changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and generally
remain at the site of the tumor's origin.
Drugs ending in -mab or -mib are: - ANS-Monoclonal Antibodies and are all TARGETED
therapies.
Think SEVERE acne!
Malignant Tumor - ANS-An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring
tissue and to other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor.
New cells are created at the same rate as older cells ___. - ANS-Die
What is aptosis - ANS-programmed cell death
,When a signaling mistake occurs in the cell cycle, surveillance mechanisms are present
to recognize the error and repair the mistake. If the error cannot be repaired, the cell
can be actively destroyed
Cancer is the ____ most common cause of death in the US - ANS-Second
Cancer accounts for ___ of all deaths - ANS-25%
The three most common cancers in MEN are: - ANS-1. Prostate
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
The three most common cancers in WOMEN are: - ANS-1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
Which cancer is the most common overall? - ANS-Lung Cancer
Which cancers are the most common in children? - ANS-Leukemia and Brain/CNS
cancers
___ presents obstacles to receiving health care services related to prevention, early
detection and high-quality treatment - ANS-Poverty
____ is the single most important risk factor for cancer - ANS-Advancing age
At least 30% of all cancer-related deaths and 87% of lung cancer deaths attributed to
___. - ANS-Smoking
Smoking is a known risk factor for ___ different types of cancers - ANS-16
____ is estimated to cause 21,400 lung cancer deaths worldwide annually - ANS-
Secondhand Smoke
Snuff, lozenges, and chewing tobacco are all associated with increased risk of which
cancer? - ANS-oral cavity, esophagus, and pancreas
Hepatitis B and C viruses cause which cancer? - ANS-Liver Cancer
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes which cancers? - ANS-cervical, oropharyngeal
(esophageal), and anal cancer
Helicobacteria pylori causes which cancer? - ANS-Gastric cancer
Vaccines are available to prevent infection by ___ and ___. - ANS-hepatitis B and HPV
, Only approximately ___% of all cancers result from an inherited genetic alteration that is
associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer - ANS-5%
Women with a ___ gene mutation that confers a 70% lifetime risk of developing either
breast or ovarian cancer - ANS-BRCA1 or BRCA2
BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are linked to increased risk for ____ cancers. - ANS-
pancreatic, prostate, & ovarian
BRCA2 gene causes an increased risk of breast cancer in ___. - ANS-Men
Triple negative breast cancer - ANS-the three most common types of receptors known
to fuel most breast cancer growth-estrogen, progesterone, and the HER-2/neu gene-
are not present in the cancer tumor
Medications do not have a receptor. Poor prognosis.
What is a mammogram? - ANS-an x-ray of the breast that can help detect breast cancer
Needle Biopsy - ANS-a hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for
examination
Sentinel Node Biopsy - ANS-a biopsy of the first lymph node to come into contact with
cancer cells as they leave the organ of origination and start spreading into the rest of
the body
____ is the key to preventing or successfully treating breast cancer. - ANS-Early
detection
What are the two main types of radiation exposure that are linked to an increased risk of
developing certain types of cancer? - ANS-Ultraviolet and Ionizing
What is ionizing radiation? - ANS-includes medical radiation from tests used to both
diagnose (x-rays and computed tomography scans) and treat (radiation therapy)
disease
Ionizing radiation is responsible for an increased risk of developing which cancers? -
ANS-1. Leukemia
2. Breast Cancer
3. Thyroid Cancer
What is ultraviolet radiation? - ANS-from the sun is the main cause of melanoma and
the ubiquitous nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal and squamous)
What is radon gas? - ANS-A colorless, odorless gas that is naturally occurring decay
product of uranium. It is also another source of ionizing radiation.
