NURl 201/l NUR201l Examl 3l –l (Newl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Medical-Surgicall
Nursingl Il Guidel |l Questionsl &l Answersl
|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l Fortis
QUESTION
Angiotensinl Inhibitorsl -l angiotensinl convertingl inhibitorsl (ACEl inhibitors)l htnl meds
Answer:
"pril"
benazeprill (lotensin)
captopril
enalaprill (vasotec)
fosinopril
lisinoprill (zestril)
moexipril
perindopril
quinaprill (accupril)
ramiprill (altace)
trandolaprill (mavik)
MOA:
inhibitl ace,l reducel conversionl ofl ofl angiotensinl Il tol angiotensinl IIl
inhibitl a-IIl mediatedl vasoconstriction
Nursingl considerations:
aspirinl andl nsaidsl mayl reducel effectiveness
addingl al diureticl enhancesl effects,l butl NOTl potassiuml sparingl diuretics
mayl causel ^l seruml creatininel
inhibitl breakdownl ofl bradykinin,l whichl mayl causel al dry,l hackingl coughl thatl canl occurl
atl anyl pointl duringl treatment,l evenl yearsl later
captoprill mayl bel givenl orallyl forl htnl crisis
,QUESTION
Angiotensinl Inhibitorsl -l Angiotensinl IIl receptorl blockersl (arbs)l htnl meds
Answer:
"sartan"
azilsartanl (edarbi)
candesartanl (atacand)
eprosartanl (teveten)
irbesartanl (avapro)
losartanl (cozaar)
olmesartanl (benicar)
telmisartanl (micardis)
valsartanl (diovan)
MOA:
preventl actionl ofl a-IIl +l vasodilationl andl ^l na+l andl waterl excretionl
Nursingl considerations:
fulll effectl ofl bpl mayl notl bel seenl forl 3-6l week
dol notl affectl bradykininl levels,l thereforel anl acceptablel alternativel tol acel inhibitorsl inl
ppll whol developl al dryl cough
inl ptsl withl kidneyl disease,l acel inhibitorsl andl arbsl shouldl notl bel usedl togetherl duel tol
adversel renall effects
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockers
Answer:
agentsl thatl inhibitl thel entryl ofl calciuml ionsl intol heartl musclel cells,l causingl al slowingl
ofl thel heartl rate,l al lesseningl ofl thel demandl forl oxygenl andl nutrients,l andl al relaxingl
ofl thel smoothl musclel cellsl ofl thel bloodl vesselsl tol causel dilation;l usedl tol preventl orl
treatl anginal pectoris,l somel arrhythmias,l andl hypertension
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockers:l non-dihydropyridines
,Answer:
diltiazeml xrl (cardizeml la)
verapamill intermediatel releasel (calan)
verapamill timedl releasel (verelanl pm)
MOA:
inhibitl movementl ofl ca+l acrossl celll membranel resultingl inl vasodilation
cardioselectivel desultingl inl vl ofl hrl andl slowingl ofl avl conduction
Nursingl considerations:
cautionl w/l hfl pts
grapefruitl juicel mayl ^l seruml concentrationsl &l toxicityl ofl certainl calciuml channell
blockers;l avoidl concurrentl use
avoidl inl ptsl withl 2ndl orl 3rdl degreel avl blockl orl leftl ventricularl systolicl dysfunction
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockers:l dihydropyridinesl (htnl meds)
Answer:
"dipine"
amlodipine
clevidipine
felodipine
isradipine
nicardipinel sustainedl release
nifedipinel longl acting
nisoldipine
MOA:
causel vascularl smoothl musclel relaxationl resultingl inl Vl svrl andl arteriall bp
Nursingl considerations:
morel potentl peripherall vasodilators
clevidipinel isl forl IVl usel only;l solutionl mustl bel changedl everyl 12l hours
usel ofl sublinguall shortl actingl nifedipinel inl htnl crisisl isl unsafel andl ineffectivel (seriousl
adversel effects:l stroke,l MI)
ivl nicardipinel availl forl htnl crisisl inl admittedl pts;l changel peripherall ivl infusionl sitesl
everyl 12l hours
, QUESTION
renall is
Answer:
kidneys
QUESTION
Directl vasodilatorsl (htnl meds)
Answer:
1)l fenoldopam
MOA:
activatesl dopaminel receptorsl resultingl inl systemicl andl renall vasodilation
Nursingl considerations:
IVl usel forl htnl crisisl admittedl ptsl only
usel cautiouslyl inl ptsl withl glaucoma
ptl mustl remainl flatl forl anl hourl afterl administration
2)l hydralazinel
MOA:
vl svrl andl bpl byl directl arteriall vasodilation
Nursingl considerations:
IVl usel forl htnl crisisl inl admitl pts
twicel dailyl orall dose
notl usedl asl monotherapyl bcl ofl sidel effects
contraindicatedl forl ptsl withl cad
3)l minoxidil
MOA:
vl svrl andl bpl vial directl arteriall vasodilation
Nursingl considerations:
reservedl forl treatmentl ofl severel htnl assoc.l w/l renall failurel &l resistantl tol otherl therapy
oncel orl twicel dailyl dosage
4)l nitroglycerin
2026/l 2027l Update)l Medical-Surgicall
Nursingl Il Guidel |l Questionsl &l Answersl
|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l Fortis
QUESTION
Angiotensinl Inhibitorsl -l angiotensinl convertingl inhibitorsl (ACEl inhibitors)l htnl meds
Answer:
"pril"
benazeprill (lotensin)
captopril
enalaprill (vasotec)
fosinopril
lisinoprill (zestril)
moexipril
perindopril
quinaprill (accupril)
ramiprill (altace)
trandolaprill (mavik)
MOA:
inhibitl ace,l reducel conversionl ofl ofl angiotensinl Il tol angiotensinl IIl
inhibitl a-IIl mediatedl vasoconstriction
Nursingl considerations:
aspirinl andl nsaidsl mayl reducel effectiveness
addingl al diureticl enhancesl effects,l butl NOTl potassiuml sparingl diuretics
mayl causel ^l seruml creatininel
inhibitl breakdownl ofl bradykinin,l whichl mayl causel al dry,l hackingl coughl thatl canl occurl
atl anyl pointl duringl treatment,l evenl yearsl later
captoprill mayl bel givenl orallyl forl htnl crisis
,QUESTION
Angiotensinl Inhibitorsl -l Angiotensinl IIl receptorl blockersl (arbs)l htnl meds
Answer:
"sartan"
azilsartanl (edarbi)
candesartanl (atacand)
eprosartanl (teveten)
irbesartanl (avapro)
losartanl (cozaar)
olmesartanl (benicar)
telmisartanl (micardis)
valsartanl (diovan)
MOA:
preventl actionl ofl a-IIl +l vasodilationl andl ^l na+l andl waterl excretionl
Nursingl considerations:
fulll effectl ofl bpl mayl notl bel seenl forl 3-6l week
dol notl affectl bradykininl levels,l thereforel anl acceptablel alternativel tol acel inhibitorsl inl
ppll whol developl al dryl cough
inl ptsl withl kidneyl disease,l acel inhibitorsl andl arbsl shouldl notl bel usedl togetherl duel tol
adversel renall effects
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockers
Answer:
agentsl thatl inhibitl thel entryl ofl calciuml ionsl intol heartl musclel cells,l causingl al slowingl
ofl thel heartl rate,l al lesseningl ofl thel demandl forl oxygenl andl nutrients,l andl al relaxingl
ofl thel smoothl musclel cellsl ofl thel bloodl vesselsl tol causel dilation;l usedl tol preventl orl
treatl anginal pectoris,l somel arrhythmias,l andl hypertension
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockers:l non-dihydropyridines
,Answer:
diltiazeml xrl (cardizeml la)
verapamill intermediatel releasel (calan)
verapamill timedl releasel (verelanl pm)
MOA:
inhibitl movementl ofl ca+l acrossl celll membranel resultingl inl vasodilation
cardioselectivel desultingl inl vl ofl hrl andl slowingl ofl avl conduction
Nursingl considerations:
cautionl w/l hfl pts
grapefruitl juicel mayl ^l seruml concentrationsl &l toxicityl ofl certainl calciuml channell
blockers;l avoidl concurrentl use
avoidl inl ptsl withl 2ndl orl 3rdl degreel avl blockl orl leftl ventricularl systolicl dysfunction
QUESTION
calciuml channell blockers:l dihydropyridinesl (htnl meds)
Answer:
"dipine"
amlodipine
clevidipine
felodipine
isradipine
nicardipinel sustainedl release
nifedipinel longl acting
nisoldipine
MOA:
causel vascularl smoothl musclel relaxationl resultingl inl Vl svrl andl arteriall bp
Nursingl considerations:
morel potentl peripherall vasodilators
clevidipinel isl forl IVl usel only;l solutionl mustl bel changedl everyl 12l hours
usel ofl sublinguall shortl actingl nifedipinel inl htnl crisisl isl unsafel andl ineffectivel (seriousl
adversel effects:l stroke,l MI)
ivl nicardipinel availl forl htnl crisisl inl admittedl pts;l changel peripherall ivl infusionl sitesl
everyl 12l hours
, QUESTION
renall is
Answer:
kidneys
QUESTION
Directl vasodilatorsl (htnl meds)
Answer:
1)l fenoldopam
MOA:
activatesl dopaminel receptorsl resultingl inl systemicl andl renall vasodilation
Nursingl considerations:
IVl usel forl htnl crisisl admittedl ptsl only
usel cautiouslyl inl ptsl withl glaucoma
ptl mustl remainl flatl forl anl hourl afterl administration
2)l hydralazinel
MOA:
vl svrl andl bpl byl directl arteriall vasodilation
Nursingl considerations:
IVl usel forl htnl crisisl inl admitl pts
twicel dailyl orall dose
notl usedl asl monotherapyl bcl ofl sidel effects
contraindicatedl forl ptsl withl cad
3)l minoxidil
MOA:
vl svrl andl bpl vial directl arteriall vasodilation
Nursingl considerations:
reservedl forl treatmentl ofl severel htnl assoc.l w/l renall failurel &l resistantl tol otherl therapy
oncel orl twicel dailyl dosage
4)l nitroglycerin
