ALH 2202 TOPIC 3 | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027

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ALH 2202 TOPIC 3 | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027

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ALH 2202 TOPIC 3 | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026/2027

Chapter 12: CNS Depressants & Muscle Relaxants - ANS ✔✔

Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants - ANS ✔✔Drugs that slow activity in the brain and
spinal cord

Sedative - ANS ✔✔Drug that calms the CNS without causing sleep at normal doses

Hypnotic - ANS ✔✔Drug that induces sleep with stronger CNS depression

Sedative-Hypnotic - ANS ✔✔Drug that acts as a sedative or hypnotic depending on dose

Sleep - ANS ✔✔Reversible state of rest with reduced activity and consciousness

REM Sleep - ANS ✔✔Sleep phase essential for mental rest and cognition

REM Interference - ANS ✔✔Decreased REM sleep caused by sedative-hypnotics

REM Rebound - ANS ✔✔Excessive REM sleep after abrupt discontinuation of sedative-hypnotics

Therapeutic Index - ANS ✔✔Ratio between toxic and therapeutic drug levels

Benzodiazepines MOA - ANS ✔✔Enhance GABA activity causing CNS depression

, GABA Analogy - ANS ✔✔Benzodiazepines push harder on the brain's brake pedal

Benzodiazepine Uses - ANS ✔✔Anxiety relief sedation sleep induction muscle relaxation
seizures alcohol withdrawal

Benzodiazepine Adverse Effects - ANS ✔✔Drowsiness dizziness headache cognitive impairment
fall risk

Benzodiazepine Overdose - ANS ✔✔Somnolence confusion diminished reflexes

Benzodiazepine Antidote - ANS ✔✔Flumazenil (Romazicon)

Flumazenil MOA - ANS ✔✔Competitively blocks benzodiazepine receptors

Benzodiazepine Dependence - ANS ✔✔Habit forming requires gradual taper

Benzodiazepine Drug Interactions - ANS ✔✔Alcohol opioids muscle relaxants increase CNS
depression

Benzodiazepine Black Box Warning - ANS ✔✔Risk of respiratory depression coma and death
with opioids

Diazepam (Valium) - ANS ✔✔Long-acting benzodiazepine for anxiety seizures muscle relaxation

Midazolam (Versed) - ANS ✔✔Short-acting benzodiazepine used for procedural sedation and
amnesia

Temazepam (Restoril) - ANS ✔✔Intermediate-acting hypnotic for sleep

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