SHS 496 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Successful communication for individuals with hearing loss is influenced by many
variables: - Answers - -Effectiveness of their listening device
-Speechreading skills
-Amount of residual hearing
-usage of communication strategies
Conversation is used for many reasons, including: - Answers - -To share ideas
-To tell stories
-To establish intimacy
Implicit conversational rules include: - Answers - -Agreement to share interests
-Ensuring no single person does all the talking
-Participation in topic development
-Taking of turns in organized fashion
-Topic coherence
-Conveying of message without being verbose
Partner may need to tolerate more requests for clarification (interruptions), and both
partners may need to put greater effort forth to ensure conversation flows - Answers - -
Slow speech (CP)
-State/restate topic (CP)
-Shorten sentences (CP)
-Use more pauses (CP)
-Emphasize key words (CP)
-Ask specific questions (PHL)
-Provide Instructions to the speaker (PHL
What kinds of communication problems do person's w/ hearing loss demonstrate -
Answers - - modified conversational style
- less rich imagery
- inappropriate topic shifts
- superficial content
- frequent clarification
- violation of implicit social rules
- disrupted grounding
- disrupting taking turns
Factors in Communication Breakdown - Answers - • Speaker (Talker)
- Accent, mumbling, hand in front of face, back turned, beard, child, rate of speech
• Message
- Unknown topic, long sentences, change of topic, unusual sentence structure
• Environment
,- Distance, lighting, background noise, visual distractions
• Listener
- Attention, hearing impairment, fatigue, language difference, visual acuity
4 factors that we need to teach the hearing impaired to try to modify - Answers - -The
Talker: strategy -Instructional Strategy
(can you talk louder?, face me, move closer)
-The Message: strategy-Message Tailoring
(more specific questions)
-The Environment: strategy-Constructive Strategy
(TV, not going during peak hours, change environ.)
-The Patient: strategy-Anticipatory/Adaptive
(adaptive- relaxation techniques)
(Anticipatory- anticipate conversation)
Strategies That Influence the Talker - Answers - - PHL must identify practices that
impede their speech recognition
• (such as their communication partner covering his/her mouth when speaking).
- Then, instruct their partner on how to alter this behavior.
Strategies That Influence the Message - Answers - - Messages can be tailored to elicit a
more desirable result
- Acknowledgement gestures (nodding) by those with hearing loss can better convey
their understanding to their communication partners.
Strategies That Influence the Environment - Answers - - These strategies feature the
review of the communication environment to identify those elements that can be
modified or exploited to optimize communication.
- Conversational success can depend on these environmental alterations.
Strategies That Influence the Reception of a Message - Answers - - Some persons with
hearing loss can feel anxious during a conversation with an unfamiliar person.
- In such instances, it is helpful to breath deeply, consciously relax, focus on the
conversation, and attend to the talker's lip movements.
Instructional Strategy - Answers - -Listener asks the talker to make a change:
• Example:
• Please face me when you are talking to me
• Please speak slower when you are talking to me
Message-Tailoring - Answers - - "Did you go swimming or biking today?"
• Instead of "What did you do today?"
• This is a type of metacommunication
- Think about what you want to say AND how best to say it to the hearing impaired
listener
, Constructive Strategy - Answers - -What things in the environment can the listener
modify?
•Turn off the TV
•Go to the restaurant during off peak hours
•Move closer to the speaker
•Position yourself to minimize glare
Facilitative Strategies** - Answers - • Instructions provided by PHL to CP should be
specific
• I understand you much better when you
- "speak slower"
- "speak at a normal loudness"
- Face me
- Get my attention first, then start speaking
Anticipatory Strategies - Answers - - In addition, those with hearing loss can anticipate
potential vocabulary and conversational content.
• Example, prior to a job interview, a person might become familiar with typical interview
questions, as well as the employer's policies, or key staff.
Repair Strategies - Answers - - When communication breaks down, receptive or
expressive repair strategies can be used.
• Receptive repair strategies feature the talker repeating a message, or providing
additional clarifying information.
• Expressive repair strategies can help when the patient has trouble articulating a
message (i.e. writing or hand signals).
Receptive repair strategies - Answers - Repair strategies feature the talker repeating a
message, or providing additional clarifying information
• PHL asks speaker to:
- Repeat, Rephrase, Two sentences, One word (Simplify), Write, Elaborate, Provide
topic (key word)
• PHL confirms message or asks a specific question
- Did you say "floor" or "flower"?
Repair strategies - Answers - Asking for repetition
Rephrase
Ask for topic/key words
Ask for spelling
Ask for written information
Ask the speaker to use gestures
Ask for digits individually
Check/confirm what was heard
Successful communication for individuals with hearing loss is influenced by many
variables: - Answers - -Effectiveness of their listening device
-Speechreading skills
-Amount of residual hearing
-usage of communication strategies
Conversation is used for many reasons, including: - Answers - -To share ideas
-To tell stories
-To establish intimacy
Implicit conversational rules include: - Answers - -Agreement to share interests
-Ensuring no single person does all the talking
-Participation in topic development
-Taking of turns in organized fashion
-Topic coherence
-Conveying of message without being verbose
Partner may need to tolerate more requests for clarification (interruptions), and both
partners may need to put greater effort forth to ensure conversation flows - Answers - -
Slow speech (CP)
-State/restate topic (CP)
-Shorten sentences (CP)
-Use more pauses (CP)
-Emphasize key words (CP)
-Ask specific questions (PHL)
-Provide Instructions to the speaker (PHL
What kinds of communication problems do person's w/ hearing loss demonstrate -
Answers - - modified conversational style
- less rich imagery
- inappropriate topic shifts
- superficial content
- frequent clarification
- violation of implicit social rules
- disrupted grounding
- disrupting taking turns
Factors in Communication Breakdown - Answers - • Speaker (Talker)
- Accent, mumbling, hand in front of face, back turned, beard, child, rate of speech
• Message
- Unknown topic, long sentences, change of topic, unusual sentence structure
• Environment
,- Distance, lighting, background noise, visual distractions
• Listener
- Attention, hearing impairment, fatigue, language difference, visual acuity
4 factors that we need to teach the hearing impaired to try to modify - Answers - -The
Talker: strategy -Instructional Strategy
(can you talk louder?, face me, move closer)
-The Message: strategy-Message Tailoring
(more specific questions)
-The Environment: strategy-Constructive Strategy
(TV, not going during peak hours, change environ.)
-The Patient: strategy-Anticipatory/Adaptive
(adaptive- relaxation techniques)
(Anticipatory- anticipate conversation)
Strategies That Influence the Talker - Answers - - PHL must identify practices that
impede their speech recognition
• (such as their communication partner covering his/her mouth when speaking).
- Then, instruct their partner on how to alter this behavior.
Strategies That Influence the Message - Answers - - Messages can be tailored to elicit a
more desirable result
- Acknowledgement gestures (nodding) by those with hearing loss can better convey
their understanding to their communication partners.
Strategies That Influence the Environment - Answers - - These strategies feature the
review of the communication environment to identify those elements that can be
modified or exploited to optimize communication.
- Conversational success can depend on these environmental alterations.
Strategies That Influence the Reception of a Message - Answers - - Some persons with
hearing loss can feel anxious during a conversation with an unfamiliar person.
- In such instances, it is helpful to breath deeply, consciously relax, focus on the
conversation, and attend to the talker's lip movements.
Instructional Strategy - Answers - -Listener asks the talker to make a change:
• Example:
• Please face me when you are talking to me
• Please speak slower when you are talking to me
Message-Tailoring - Answers - - "Did you go swimming or biking today?"
• Instead of "What did you do today?"
• This is a type of metacommunication
- Think about what you want to say AND how best to say it to the hearing impaired
listener
, Constructive Strategy - Answers - -What things in the environment can the listener
modify?
•Turn off the TV
•Go to the restaurant during off peak hours
•Move closer to the speaker
•Position yourself to minimize glare
Facilitative Strategies** - Answers - • Instructions provided by PHL to CP should be
specific
• I understand you much better when you
- "speak slower"
- "speak at a normal loudness"
- Face me
- Get my attention first, then start speaking
Anticipatory Strategies - Answers - - In addition, those with hearing loss can anticipate
potential vocabulary and conversational content.
• Example, prior to a job interview, a person might become familiar with typical interview
questions, as well as the employer's policies, or key staff.
Repair Strategies - Answers - - When communication breaks down, receptive or
expressive repair strategies can be used.
• Receptive repair strategies feature the talker repeating a message, or providing
additional clarifying information.
• Expressive repair strategies can help when the patient has trouble articulating a
message (i.e. writing or hand signals).
Receptive repair strategies - Answers - Repair strategies feature the talker repeating a
message, or providing additional clarifying information
• PHL asks speaker to:
- Repeat, Rephrase, Two sentences, One word (Simplify), Write, Elaborate, Provide
topic (key word)
• PHL confirms message or asks a specific question
- Did you say "floor" or "flower"?
Repair strategies - Answers - Asking for repetition
Rephrase
Ask for topic/key words
Ask for spelling
Ask for written information
Ask the speaker to use gestures
Ask for digits individually
Check/confirm what was heard
