BIO 1150 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 | COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REVIEW
Which of the following types of transport is NOT a form of passive transport used by the plasma
membrane?
a. Endocytosis
b. Osmosis
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Diffusion - ANS ✔✔Endocytosis
You have a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution of distilled water. What will happen to that
cell?
a. The cell will shrivel up from water leaving its interior.
b. The cell will swell and likely burst from water rushing inside.
c. The cell will be the same as there will be no movement of water in or out of the cell.
d. The cell will catch on fire. - ANS ✔✔The cell will swell and likely burst from water rushing
inside.
Which of the following statements about free radicals is NOT correct?
a. Free radicals are also known as superoxides.
b. Free radicals are formed during aerobic respiration.
c. Free radicals are powerful antioxidants needed for body metabolism.
d. Free radicals carry unpaired electron which disrupts plasma membrane of cells. - ANS
✔✔Free radicals are powerful antioxidants needed for body metabolism.
,Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found with RNA not DNA?
a. Cytosine
b. Uracil
c. Guanine
d. Adenosine - ANS ✔✔Uracil
Which of the following terms means the physical expression of a gene?
a. Genotype
b. Phenotype
c. Dominant trait
d. Allele - ANS ✔✔Phenotype
How many ATP are made with each cycle of aerobic respiration in the mitochondria?
a. 34
b. 23
c. 2
d. 55 - ANS ✔✔34
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
a. Translation is where mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus.
b. DNA leaves the nucleus to bind with rRNA for translation purposes.
c. A codon is made up of four mRNA bases.
,d. Transcription is where mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus. - ANS ✔✔Transcription is
where mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus.
Which of the following diseases is NOT a lysosomal storage disease?
a. Wilson disease
b. Gaucher disease
c. Tay-sachs disease
d. Niemann-Pick disease - ANS ✔✔Wilson disease
An increase in cells size resulting in an increase in tissue size is called?
a. Hyperplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hypertrophy - ANS ✔✔Hypertrophy
Which of the following is NOT a cause of endothelial injury leading to atherosclerosis?
a. Free radicals
b. Glucose
c. Homocysteine
d. Vitamin D - ANS ✔✔Vitamin D
A 65 year old female with chest pain presents to the ER. She has ECG changes and an elevated
serum troponin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
, a. Ischemia
b. Gangrene
c. Myocardial Infarction
d. Angina - ANS ✔✔Myocardial Infarction
What is the medical term for the lack of protein in children which results in symptoms like
ascites?
a. Marasmus
b. Kwashiorkor
c. Allele
d. Down syndrome - ANS ✔✔Kwashiorkor
You have a patient with heart valve problems, hypermobile joints, and elastic skin. Which would
be a likely genetic disease diagnosis for this patient?
a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
b. Tay-sachs disease
c. Wilson disease
d. G6PD deficiency - ANS ✔✔Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
You have a patient with a positive HTT gene. Which of the following statements would be TRUE
for this patient?
a. The patient will benefit from chelation therapy.
b. The patient will develop Down syndrome.
c. The patient will develop Huntington's chorea.
2026/2027 | COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REVIEW
Which of the following types of transport is NOT a form of passive transport used by the plasma
membrane?
a. Endocytosis
b. Osmosis
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Diffusion - ANS ✔✔Endocytosis
You have a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution of distilled water. What will happen to that
cell?
a. The cell will shrivel up from water leaving its interior.
b. The cell will swell and likely burst from water rushing inside.
c. The cell will be the same as there will be no movement of water in or out of the cell.
d. The cell will catch on fire. - ANS ✔✔The cell will swell and likely burst from water rushing
inside.
Which of the following statements about free radicals is NOT correct?
a. Free radicals are also known as superoxides.
b. Free radicals are formed during aerobic respiration.
c. Free radicals are powerful antioxidants needed for body metabolism.
d. Free radicals carry unpaired electron which disrupts plasma membrane of cells. - ANS
✔✔Free radicals are powerful antioxidants needed for body metabolism.
,Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found with RNA not DNA?
a. Cytosine
b. Uracil
c. Guanine
d. Adenosine - ANS ✔✔Uracil
Which of the following terms means the physical expression of a gene?
a. Genotype
b. Phenotype
c. Dominant trait
d. Allele - ANS ✔✔Phenotype
How many ATP are made with each cycle of aerobic respiration in the mitochondria?
a. 34
b. 23
c. 2
d. 55 - ANS ✔✔34
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
a. Translation is where mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus.
b. DNA leaves the nucleus to bind with rRNA for translation purposes.
c. A codon is made up of four mRNA bases.
,d. Transcription is where mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus. - ANS ✔✔Transcription is
where mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus.
Which of the following diseases is NOT a lysosomal storage disease?
a. Wilson disease
b. Gaucher disease
c. Tay-sachs disease
d. Niemann-Pick disease - ANS ✔✔Wilson disease
An increase in cells size resulting in an increase in tissue size is called?
a. Hyperplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hypertrophy - ANS ✔✔Hypertrophy
Which of the following is NOT a cause of endothelial injury leading to atherosclerosis?
a. Free radicals
b. Glucose
c. Homocysteine
d. Vitamin D - ANS ✔✔Vitamin D
A 65 year old female with chest pain presents to the ER. She has ECG changes and an elevated
serum troponin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
, a. Ischemia
b. Gangrene
c. Myocardial Infarction
d. Angina - ANS ✔✔Myocardial Infarction
What is the medical term for the lack of protein in children which results in symptoms like
ascites?
a. Marasmus
b. Kwashiorkor
c. Allele
d. Down syndrome - ANS ✔✔Kwashiorkor
You have a patient with heart valve problems, hypermobile joints, and elastic skin. Which would
be a likely genetic disease diagnosis for this patient?
a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
b. Tay-sachs disease
c. Wilson disease
d. G6PD deficiency - ANS ✔✔Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
You have a patient with a positive HTT gene. Which of the following statements would be TRUE
for this patient?
a. The patient will benefit from chelation therapy.
b. The patient will develop Down syndrome.
c. The patient will develop Huntington's chorea.
