CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES THE QUEST FOR
INSIGHT FINAL PAPER TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE
STUDY SHEET
●● Bose-einstein condensate
Answer: form at absolute zero, all particles behave identically
●● sublimation
Answer: solid to gas (endothermic)
●● gas to solid
Answer: condensation/deposition
●● what's boiling point
Answer: when vapour pressure liquid = external pressure on liquid
when temperature increase vapour pressure increases until reach
atmospheric pressure at which bubbles of vapour form within liquid
normal bp at 1 atm
●● heat of vaporisation
,Answer: heat to boil 1 mol of pure substance. energy overcome
intermolecular forces
●● bp vs mp
Answer: unlike boiling point, melting point only affected significantly
by large pressure changes that's why on phase diagram line is very
vertical
●● phase diagram bend on solid liquid curve
Answer: liquid more dense then solid curve leans slightly left causing
mp decrease with P
liquid less dense then solid curve leans slightly right causing mp to
increase with P
●● gas/ solid line on phase diagram
Answer: need significant deltaT for P to increase
●● Tcrit
Answer: temperature of which temperature above liquid state of
substance no longer exists regardless of pressure
●● ionic
Answer: metals lose and non-metals gain electrons. very different
electronegativity.
,high mp, pack to maximise interactions
Nacl, MgO, CaF2
●● covalent
Answer: non metallic structure similar electronegativity, not good
conductors, non polar share equally, polar have a difference in
electronegativity cause delta + and delta - charge (permanent dipoles) eg
H20
O2, CO2, SiC
●● metallic properties
Answer: lustrous (shiny), very high mp properties from sea of
delocalised electrons
●● density as increase T
Answer: independent for solid and liquids
●● specific volume
Answer: inverse of density (conversion factor), volume/unit mass m3/kg
●● relationship between Volume and temp change
Answer: V1/T1=V2/T2
, ●● relationship between Volume and pressure change
Answer: P1V1=P2V2
●● fixed T and P for gas on moles
Answer: v proportional to moles so %volume=%moles
●● equilibrium shifts right on alpha
Answer: alpha increases
●● volume increases with reaction equiliribiu if rise and drop In P
Answer: rise in P equilibrium goes left
drop in P equilibrium goes right
●● intra/ intermolecular
Answer: intra within singular molecule and inter between molecules
●● non-covalent mean
Answer: no formal sharing of electrons
●● repulsion forces originate from
INSIGHT FINAL PAPER TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE
STUDY SHEET
●● Bose-einstein condensate
Answer: form at absolute zero, all particles behave identically
●● sublimation
Answer: solid to gas (endothermic)
●● gas to solid
Answer: condensation/deposition
●● what's boiling point
Answer: when vapour pressure liquid = external pressure on liquid
when temperature increase vapour pressure increases until reach
atmospheric pressure at which bubbles of vapour form within liquid
normal bp at 1 atm
●● heat of vaporisation
,Answer: heat to boil 1 mol of pure substance. energy overcome
intermolecular forces
●● bp vs mp
Answer: unlike boiling point, melting point only affected significantly
by large pressure changes that's why on phase diagram line is very
vertical
●● phase diagram bend on solid liquid curve
Answer: liquid more dense then solid curve leans slightly left causing
mp decrease with P
liquid less dense then solid curve leans slightly right causing mp to
increase with P
●● gas/ solid line on phase diagram
Answer: need significant deltaT for P to increase
●● Tcrit
Answer: temperature of which temperature above liquid state of
substance no longer exists regardless of pressure
●● ionic
Answer: metals lose and non-metals gain electrons. very different
electronegativity.
,high mp, pack to maximise interactions
Nacl, MgO, CaF2
●● covalent
Answer: non metallic structure similar electronegativity, not good
conductors, non polar share equally, polar have a difference in
electronegativity cause delta + and delta - charge (permanent dipoles) eg
H20
O2, CO2, SiC
●● metallic properties
Answer: lustrous (shiny), very high mp properties from sea of
delocalised electrons
●● density as increase T
Answer: independent for solid and liquids
●● specific volume
Answer: inverse of density (conversion factor), volume/unit mass m3/kg
●● relationship between Volume and temp change
Answer: V1/T1=V2/T2
, ●● relationship between Volume and pressure change
Answer: P1V1=P2V2
●● fixed T and P for gas on moles
Answer: v proportional to moles so %volume=%moles
●● equilibrium shifts right on alpha
Answer: alpha increases
●● volume increases with reaction equiliribiu if rise and drop In P
Answer: rise in P equilibrium goes left
drop in P equilibrium goes right
●● intra/ intermolecular
Answer: intra within singular molecule and inter between molecules
●● non-covalent mean
Answer: no formal sharing of electrons
●● repulsion forces originate from
