,1. Who is recognized as the founder of modern nursing based on her contributions during the
Crimean War?
A) Clara Barton
B) Lillian Wald
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing for establishing
nursing as a respected profession and introducing evidence-based practices. During the Crimean
War, her sanitation reforms reduced the death rate from 42% to 2.2%. She also wrote "Notes on
Nursing" and founded the first nursing school in England .
2. Where and in which year was the first school of nursing established?
A) London, England in 1860
B) Kaiserswerth, Germany in 1836
C) New York, USA in 1893
D) Paris, France in 1850
Correct Answer: Kaiserswerth, Germany in 1836
Rationale: The first school of nursing was founded in Kaiserswerth, Germany, by the Lutheran
Order of Deaconesses in 1836. Florence Nightingale attended this school for three months
under the teaching of Caroline Fliedner, which laid the foundation for formal nursing education .
3. Which historical figure founded the American Red Cross?
,A) Florence Nightingale
B) Lillian Wald
C) Clara Barton
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: Clara Barton
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross after serving as a nurse during the Civil
War. She is recognized for her humanitarian efforts and establishing an organization that
provides disaster relief and emergency assistance. This distinguishes her from Nightingale
(modern nursing) and Wald (public health nursing) .
4. Lillian Wald is best known for which contribution to nursing?
A) Founding the American Red Cross
B) Pioneering public health nursing and establishing the Henry Street Settlement
C) Developing the first nursing school in England
D) Advocating for the mentally ill
Correct Answer: Pioneering public health nursing and establishing the Henry Street Settlement
Rationale: Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She established the
Henry Street Settlement in New York to provide nursing services to immigrants and underserved
populations, teaching home nursing and advocating for community health and preventive care .
5. Who was the first American trained nurse?
A) Mary Mahoney
B) Linda Richards
, C) Lillian Wald
D) Clara Barton
Correct Answer: Linda Richards
Rationale: Linda Richards graduated in 1873 as the first American trained nurse. She also
developed a format for charting and keeping patient records, which became foundational for
nursing documentation. Mary Mahoney was the first African American trained nurse, not the
first American trained nurse overall .
6. Which Jamaican nurse used knowledge of tropical medicine and herbs to treat soldiers during
the Crimean War?
A) Mary Mahoney
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Mary Seacole
D) Linda Richards
Correct Answer: Mary Seacole
Rationale: Mary Seacole was a Jamaican nurse who used her expertise in tropical medicine and
herbs to treat soldiers suffering from cholera, yellow fever, malaria, and diarrhea during the
Crimean War. She built a lodging house with her own money and was often seen helping
Florence Nightingale .
7. Dorothea Dix is recognized for her advocacy work in which area?
A) Improving sanitation in military hospitals
B) Establishing the American Red Cross
C) Advocating for the mentally ill and organizing nurses for the Civil War
Crimean War?
A) Clara Barton
B) Lillian Wald
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing for establishing
nursing as a respected profession and introducing evidence-based practices. During the Crimean
War, her sanitation reforms reduced the death rate from 42% to 2.2%. She also wrote "Notes on
Nursing" and founded the first nursing school in England .
2. Where and in which year was the first school of nursing established?
A) London, England in 1860
B) Kaiserswerth, Germany in 1836
C) New York, USA in 1893
D) Paris, France in 1850
Correct Answer: Kaiserswerth, Germany in 1836
Rationale: The first school of nursing was founded in Kaiserswerth, Germany, by the Lutheran
Order of Deaconesses in 1836. Florence Nightingale attended this school for three months
under the teaching of Caroline Fliedner, which laid the foundation for formal nursing education .
3. Which historical figure founded the American Red Cross?
,A) Florence Nightingale
B) Lillian Wald
C) Clara Barton
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: Clara Barton
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross after serving as a nurse during the Civil
War. She is recognized for her humanitarian efforts and establishing an organization that
provides disaster relief and emergency assistance. This distinguishes her from Nightingale
(modern nursing) and Wald (public health nursing) .
4. Lillian Wald is best known for which contribution to nursing?
A) Founding the American Red Cross
B) Pioneering public health nursing and establishing the Henry Street Settlement
C) Developing the first nursing school in England
D) Advocating for the mentally ill
Correct Answer: Pioneering public health nursing and establishing the Henry Street Settlement
Rationale: Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She established the
Henry Street Settlement in New York to provide nursing services to immigrants and underserved
populations, teaching home nursing and advocating for community health and preventive care .
5. Who was the first American trained nurse?
A) Mary Mahoney
B) Linda Richards
, C) Lillian Wald
D) Clara Barton
Correct Answer: Linda Richards
Rationale: Linda Richards graduated in 1873 as the first American trained nurse. She also
developed a format for charting and keeping patient records, which became foundational for
nursing documentation. Mary Mahoney was the first African American trained nurse, not the
first American trained nurse overall .
6. Which Jamaican nurse used knowledge of tropical medicine and herbs to treat soldiers during
the Crimean War?
A) Mary Mahoney
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Mary Seacole
D) Linda Richards
Correct Answer: Mary Seacole
Rationale: Mary Seacole was a Jamaican nurse who used her expertise in tropical medicine and
herbs to treat soldiers suffering from cholera, yellow fever, malaria, and diarrhea during the
Crimean War. She built a lodging house with her own money and was often seen helping
Florence Nightingale .
7. Dorothea Dix is recognized for her advocacy work in which area?
A) Improving sanitation in military hospitals
B) Establishing the American Red Cross
C) Advocating for the mentally ill and organizing nurses for the Civil War
