AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS SET FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTION

AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS SET
FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTION

●● entailment/entail
Answer: Entailment in linguistics refers to the relationship between two
sentences, where the truth of one sentence necessarily implies the truth
of the other, for example, "Jane ate some fruit" entails "There was fruit
that Jane ate."
entailment goes only in one direction: e the sentence Jack swims
beautifully entails Jack swims, the reverse is not true


●● Semantics
Answer: the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes,
words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning


●● lexical semantics
Answer: The subfield of semantics is concerned with the meanings of
words and the meaning relationships among words.


●● sentential semantics (phrasal semantics)

, Answer: concerned with the meaning of syntactic units larger than
words (e.g. phrases, clauses, sentences)


●● pragmatics of language
Answer: rules for using language in different contexts


●● truth-conditional semantics (compositional semantics)
Answer: A theory of meaning that takes the semantic knowledge of
when sentences are true and false as basic.


●● truth value
Answer: the truth or falsity of a statement


●● You do not need to actually .........whether a sentence is true or false
to know its meaning. Knowing the meaning tells you how to ....... the
truth value.
Answer: know, determine


●● Tautologies
Answer: statements that are true by definition; Tautologies in logic and
language are statements that are always true, regardless of the truth
values of their individual components.
ex: Circles are round