NURS 8022 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 – 120
Practice Questions & Answers
Complete Exam Study Guide – Latest 2025/2026 |
100% Verified
Section Questions Key Topics Covered
Cellular Biology & 1-15 Cell membrane, organelles, apoptosis, necrosis,
Physiology tissue types
Genetics & Inheritance 16-30 Genes, inheritance patterns, mutations, DNA
replication
Immunology & 31-55 Innate and adaptive immunity, hypersensitivity,
Inflammation autoimmune diseases
Neoplasia 56-70 Benign vs malignant, oncogenes, tumor
suppressors, metastasis, p53
Fluid & Electrolyte 71-90 Sodium, potassium, calcium, osmolality, edema,
Imbalances RAAS, ADH
Additional Concepts 91-110 Acid-base disorders, anion gap, compensatory
mechanisms, aldosterone
Comprehensive Review 111-120 Sickle cell, CF, hemophilia, MS, Parkinson,
Alzheimer, ALS, GBS
TOTAL 120 Complete NURS 8022 Exam 1 Coverage
Questions
,This comprehensive document contains 120 practice questions for the NURS 8022
Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1, covering cellular biology, genetics, immunity,
inflammation, neoplasia, and fluid/electrolyte imbalances. Each question includes the
correct answer in bold with a detailed rationale.
SECTION 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1–20)
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A) Energy production
B) Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) regulates the movement of substances into and out
of the cell through passive and active transport mechanisms. It is selectively permeable and
maintains cellular homeostasis .
2. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has two types: rough and smooth. What is the
primary function of rough ER?
A) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
B) Protein synthesis and folding
C) Carbohydrate metabolism
D) Calcium storage
Answer: B
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for protein synthesis and folding.
Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage .
3. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative
phosphorylation?
,A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Answer: C
Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, producing ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle. They have a double membrane and their own DNA
.
4. What is the function of lysosomes?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Intracellular digestion and removal of cellular debris
C) Lipid synthesis
D) Energy production
Answer: B
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste, pathogens, and
damaged organelles. They are essential for cellular cleanup and recycling .
5. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for:
A) Protein synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
D) DNA replication
Answer: C
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their
final destinations inside or outside the cell .
6. What is the function of the nucleus?
A) ATP production
B) Storage of genetic material and regulation of gene expression
, C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and is responsible for storing genetic material,
regulating gene expression, and coordinating cellular activities like growth and replication .
7. Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen
species?
A) Lysosome
B) Ribosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Mitochondria
Answer: C
Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes and catalase, which neutralize reactive oxygen
species and break down fatty acids. They play a role in detoxification and lipid metabolism .
8. What is cellular apoptosis?
A) Uncontrolled cell division
B) Programmed cell death
C) Necrosis due to injury
D) Cell differentiation
Answer: B
Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs as a normal part of development, tissue
homeostasis, and elimination of damaged or potentially harmful cells. It is a regulated
process without inflammation .
9. Necrosis differs from apoptosis in that necrosis:
A) Is a normal physiological process
B) Involves cell swelling, membrane rupture, and inflammation
Practice Questions & Answers
Complete Exam Study Guide – Latest 2025/2026 |
100% Verified
Section Questions Key Topics Covered
Cellular Biology & 1-15 Cell membrane, organelles, apoptosis, necrosis,
Physiology tissue types
Genetics & Inheritance 16-30 Genes, inheritance patterns, mutations, DNA
replication
Immunology & 31-55 Innate and adaptive immunity, hypersensitivity,
Inflammation autoimmune diseases
Neoplasia 56-70 Benign vs malignant, oncogenes, tumor
suppressors, metastasis, p53
Fluid & Electrolyte 71-90 Sodium, potassium, calcium, osmolality, edema,
Imbalances RAAS, ADH
Additional Concepts 91-110 Acid-base disorders, anion gap, compensatory
mechanisms, aldosterone
Comprehensive Review 111-120 Sickle cell, CF, hemophilia, MS, Parkinson,
Alzheimer, ALS, GBS
TOTAL 120 Complete NURS 8022 Exam 1 Coverage
Questions
,This comprehensive document contains 120 practice questions for the NURS 8022
Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1, covering cellular biology, genetics, immunity,
inflammation, neoplasia, and fluid/electrolyte imbalances. Each question includes the
correct answer in bold with a detailed rationale.
SECTION 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions 1–20)
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A) Energy production
B) Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) regulates the movement of substances into and out
of the cell through passive and active transport mechanisms. It is selectively permeable and
maintains cellular homeostasis .
2. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has two types: rough and smooth. What is the
primary function of rough ER?
A) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
B) Protein synthesis and folding
C) Carbohydrate metabolism
D) Calcium storage
Answer: B
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for protein synthesis and folding.
Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage .
3. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative
phosphorylation?
,A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Answer: C
Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, producing ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle. They have a double membrane and their own DNA
.
4. What is the function of lysosomes?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Intracellular digestion and removal of cellular debris
C) Lipid synthesis
D) Energy production
Answer: B
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste, pathogens, and
damaged organelles. They are essential for cellular cleanup and recycling .
5. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for:
A) Protein synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
D) DNA replication
Answer: C
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their
final destinations inside or outside the cell .
6. What is the function of the nucleus?
A) ATP production
B) Storage of genetic material and regulation of gene expression
, C) Protein synthesis
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and is responsible for storing genetic material,
regulating gene expression, and coordinating cellular activities like growth and replication .
7. Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen
species?
A) Lysosome
B) Ribosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Mitochondria
Answer: C
Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes and catalase, which neutralize reactive oxygen
species and break down fatty acids. They play a role in detoxification and lipid metabolism .
8. What is cellular apoptosis?
A) Uncontrolled cell division
B) Programmed cell death
C) Necrosis due to injury
D) Cell differentiation
Answer: B
Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs as a normal part of development, tissue
homeostasis, and elimination of damaged or potentially harmful cells. It is a regulated
process without inflammation .
9. Necrosis differs from apoptosis in that necrosis:
A) Is a normal physiological process
B) Involves cell swelling, membrane rupture, and inflammation
