POSC 1010 EXAM 1 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
categorical grants-in-aid - Answers - Funds given by Congress to states and localities
and that are earmarked by law for specific categories, such as education or crime
prevention
checks and balances - Answers - A system that allows each branch of government to
limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
civil liberties - Answers - Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens
clear and present danger - Answers - Interpretation of the First Amendment that holds
that the government cannot interfere with speech unless the speech presents a clear
and present danger that it will lead to evil or illegal acts.
Collective Action Principle - Answers - the coordination of individuals or groups to
achieve a shared goal or interest that might be difficult or impossible to achieve alone
collective action problem - Answers - A situation in which the members of a group would
benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off
refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work.
collective dilemmas - Answers - problems that arise when multiple individuals interact
with one another to make a group decision
comity clause - Answers - Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution, which prohibits
states from enacting laws that treat the citizens of other states in a discriminatory
manner
commerce clause - Answers - The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause
1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines
or affect more than one state or other nations.
commitment problems (political) - Answers - The inability for a player to credibly commit
to a certain action may leave both sides worse off than if that player could credibly
commit to that action
common pool resource - Answers - A collective product or service that is freely available
to all individuals of a society, but is vulnerable to overuse and degradation.
concurrent powers - Answers - Powers held jointly by the national and state
governments.
, confederal system - Answers - A system consisting of a league of independent states,
each having essentially sovereign powers. The central government created by such a
league has only limited powers over the states.
connecticut compromise - Answers - The compromise reached at the Constitutional
Convention that established two houses of Congress: the House of Representatives, in
which representation is based on a state's share of the U.S. population, and the Senate,
in which each state has two representatives.
constitutional governments - Answers - a system of rule in which formal and effective
limits are placed on the powers of the government
constitutional law - Answers - law that involves the interpretation and application of the
U.S. Constitution and state constitutions
constitutional convention - Answers - A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a
new constitution
ex post facto law - Answers - a law that would allow a person to be punished for an
action that was not against the law when it was committed (these are unconstitutional)
excludable/non excludable - Answers - Excludable- consumers can be prevented from
access
Non-excludable- consumers cannot be prevented from accessing it
exclusionary rule - Answers - a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence
in a criminal trial.
executive privilege - Answers - The power to keep executive communications
confidential, especially if they relate to national security.
expressed powers - Answers - powers directly stated in the constitution
externality - Answers - the impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a
bystander
faction - Answers - A group with a distinct political interest
federal system - Answers - A government that divides the powers of government
between the national government and state or provincial governments
federalism - Answers - A system in which power is divided between the national and
state governments
Federalist 10 - Answers - An essay composed by James Madison which argues that
liberty is safest in a large republic because many interests (factions) exist. Such
categorical grants-in-aid - Answers - Funds given by Congress to states and localities
and that are earmarked by law for specific categories, such as education or crime
prevention
checks and balances - Answers - A system that allows each branch of government to
limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
civil liberties - Answers - Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens
clear and present danger - Answers - Interpretation of the First Amendment that holds
that the government cannot interfere with speech unless the speech presents a clear
and present danger that it will lead to evil or illegal acts.
Collective Action Principle - Answers - the coordination of individuals or groups to
achieve a shared goal or interest that might be difficult or impossible to achieve alone
collective action problem - Answers - A situation in which the members of a group would
benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off
refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work.
collective dilemmas - Answers - problems that arise when multiple individuals interact
with one another to make a group decision
comity clause - Answers - Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution, which prohibits
states from enacting laws that treat the citizens of other states in a discriminatory
manner
commerce clause - Answers - The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause
1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines
or affect more than one state or other nations.
commitment problems (political) - Answers - The inability for a player to credibly commit
to a certain action may leave both sides worse off than if that player could credibly
commit to that action
common pool resource - Answers - A collective product or service that is freely available
to all individuals of a society, but is vulnerable to overuse and degradation.
concurrent powers - Answers - Powers held jointly by the national and state
governments.
, confederal system - Answers - A system consisting of a league of independent states,
each having essentially sovereign powers. The central government created by such a
league has only limited powers over the states.
connecticut compromise - Answers - The compromise reached at the Constitutional
Convention that established two houses of Congress: the House of Representatives, in
which representation is based on a state's share of the U.S. population, and the Senate,
in which each state has two representatives.
constitutional governments - Answers - a system of rule in which formal and effective
limits are placed on the powers of the government
constitutional law - Answers - law that involves the interpretation and application of the
U.S. Constitution and state constitutions
constitutional convention - Answers - A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a
new constitution
ex post facto law - Answers - a law that would allow a person to be punished for an
action that was not against the law when it was committed (these are unconstitutional)
excludable/non excludable - Answers - Excludable- consumers can be prevented from
access
Non-excludable- consumers cannot be prevented from accessing it
exclusionary rule - Answers - a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence
in a criminal trial.
executive privilege - Answers - The power to keep executive communications
confidential, especially if they relate to national security.
expressed powers - Answers - powers directly stated in the constitution
externality - Answers - the impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a
bystander
faction - Answers - A group with a distinct political interest
federal system - Answers - A government that divides the powers of government
between the national government and state or provincial governments
federalism - Answers - A system in which power is divided between the national and
state governments
Federalist 10 - Answers - An essay composed by James Madison which argues that
liberty is safest in a large republic because many interests (factions) exist. Such
