NUR 612 MODULE 3 CHAPTER 41 |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS &ANSWERS.
EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
What secretes GH? Answer: somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary
What stimulates the secretion of GH? Answer: GHRH
What inhibits the secretion of GH? Answer: somatostatin
How does GH act? Answer: 1. acts DIRECTLY on tissues
2. acts INDIRECTLY through IGF-1 (somatomedin C)
Where is IGF-1 (somatomedin C) produced? Answer: mainly by the liver
GH deficiency in children Answer: pituitary dwarfism:
- proportionate short stature
- delayed bone age
- delayed puberty
GH deficiency in adults Answer: - reduced lean body mass
- increased visceral fat
- decreased bone density
- fatigue
- dyslipidemia
- impaired quality of life
Pathophysiology of GH deficiency Answer: inadequate IGF-1 production reduces protein
synthesis, lipolysis, and skeletal growth
GH excess BEFORE epiphyseal closure (age 14-16 in girls, 16-18 in males) Answer: gigantism
(excess linear growth)
GH excess AFTER epiphyseal closure Answer: acromegaly (soft tissue and periosteal bone
growth)
Clinical Manifestations of GH excess Answer: - enlarged hands/feet
- prognathism
- macroglossia
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, - insulin resistance
- cardiomyopathy
- sleep apnea
- HTN
- arthropathy
pathophysiology of GH excess Answer: usually a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma causing
chronic elevation of GH and IGF-1
What are some ways to diagnose endocrine disorders? Answer: - hormone measurement
- stimulation tests
- suppression tests
- imaging
Basal hormone levels Answer: Measure circulating hormone (e.g. TSH, free T4, cortisol, ACTH,
IGF-1)
Stimulation tests Answer: assess gland reserve by administering a stimulating hormone
ex: ACTH stimulation test evaluates adrenal cortisol production
Suppression tests Answer: determine whether hormone secretion can be turned off by negative
feedback
ex: dexamethasone suppression test for Cushing syndrome
Dynamic glucose testing Answer: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) evaluates glucose handling
ex: in acromegaly, glucose fails to suppress GH
Imaging Answer: - MRI for pituitary adenomas
- ultrasound for thyroid nodules
- CT/MRI for adrenal tumors
Which form of testing is often more informative than a single hormone level because endocrine
systems are governed by pulsatile secretion and feedback regulation? Answer: dynamic testing
Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone Answer: - Iodide is actively transported into thyroid follicular
cells via the sodium iodide symporter (NIS)
- Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) oxidizes iodide and iodinates tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin
- Coupling reactions form T3 (triidothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS &ANSWERS.
EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
What secretes GH? Answer: somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary
What stimulates the secretion of GH? Answer: GHRH
What inhibits the secretion of GH? Answer: somatostatin
How does GH act? Answer: 1. acts DIRECTLY on tissues
2. acts INDIRECTLY through IGF-1 (somatomedin C)
Where is IGF-1 (somatomedin C) produced? Answer: mainly by the liver
GH deficiency in children Answer: pituitary dwarfism:
- proportionate short stature
- delayed bone age
- delayed puberty
GH deficiency in adults Answer: - reduced lean body mass
- increased visceral fat
- decreased bone density
- fatigue
- dyslipidemia
- impaired quality of life
Pathophysiology of GH deficiency Answer: inadequate IGF-1 production reduces protein
synthesis, lipolysis, and skeletal growth
GH excess BEFORE epiphyseal closure (age 14-16 in girls, 16-18 in males) Answer: gigantism
(excess linear growth)
GH excess AFTER epiphyseal closure Answer: acromegaly (soft tissue and periosteal bone
growth)
Clinical Manifestations of GH excess Answer: - enlarged hands/feet
- prognathism
- macroglossia
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, - insulin resistance
- cardiomyopathy
- sleep apnea
- HTN
- arthropathy
pathophysiology of GH excess Answer: usually a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma causing
chronic elevation of GH and IGF-1
What are some ways to diagnose endocrine disorders? Answer: - hormone measurement
- stimulation tests
- suppression tests
- imaging
Basal hormone levels Answer: Measure circulating hormone (e.g. TSH, free T4, cortisol, ACTH,
IGF-1)
Stimulation tests Answer: assess gland reserve by administering a stimulating hormone
ex: ACTH stimulation test evaluates adrenal cortisol production
Suppression tests Answer: determine whether hormone secretion can be turned off by negative
feedback
ex: dexamethasone suppression test for Cushing syndrome
Dynamic glucose testing Answer: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) evaluates glucose handling
ex: in acromegaly, glucose fails to suppress GH
Imaging Answer: - MRI for pituitary adenomas
- ultrasound for thyroid nodules
- CT/MRI for adrenal tumors
Which form of testing is often more informative than a single hormone level because endocrine
systems are governed by pulsatile secretion and feedback regulation? Answer: dynamic testing
Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone Answer: - Iodide is actively transported into thyroid follicular
cells via the sodium iodide symporter (NIS)
- Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) oxidizes iodide and iodinates tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin
- Coupling reactions form T3 (triidothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
