NUR 612 MODULE 3 CHAPTER 30 |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
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What is the "common cold" Answer: acute viral rhinitis
acute viral rhinitis etiology Answer: most commonly caused by:
- rhinovirus
- coronaviruses (non-COVID strains)
- adrenoviruses
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- parainfluenza viruses
Pathophysiology of Acute Viral Rhinitis Answer: the virus infects nasal epithelial cells and
triggers:
1. epithelial injury
2. cytokine release (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a)
3. vasodilation
4. increased mucus production
5. recruitment of inflammatory cells
*most symptoms result from the host inflammatory response rather than direct viral injury*
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Viral Rhinitis Answer: - nasal congestion
- rhinorrhea
1
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,- sneezing
- mild sore throat
- cough
- malaise
Fever + Acute Viral Rhinitis Answer: fever is uncommon in adults, but common in children
treatment of acute viral rhinitis Answer: - supportive care
- hydration
- analgesics
- decongestants
ABX have no role
Prevention of acute viral rhinitis Answer: - hand hygiene
- avoidance of infected contacts
Rhinosinusitis Answer: inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses
What does viral rhinosinusitis usually follow? Answer: a common cold
Bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly caused by: Answer: - streptococcus pneumoniae
- haemophilus influenzae
- moraxella catarrhalis
Pathophysiology of bacterial rhinosinusitis Answer: - mucosal edema obstructs sinus drainage
- oxygen tension decreases
2
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, - secretions accumulate
- bacterial proliferation occurs
clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis Answer: suggestive of bacterial infection:
- symptoms > 10 days
- purulent nasal discharge
- facial pain
- fever
- worsening after initial improvement
treatment of rhinosinusitis Answer: - nasal saline irrigation
- intranasal corticosteroids
- antibiotics for confirmed bacterial disease
Etiology of Influenza Answer: caused by:
- Influenza A virus
- Influenza B virus
Influenza A is associated with antigenic drift and antigenic shift
Pathophysiology of Influenza Answer: Influenza infects respiratory epithelial cells causing:
- extensive epithelial destruction
- loss of mucociliary clearance
- cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS &ANSWERS.
EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
What is the "common cold" Answer: acute viral rhinitis
acute viral rhinitis etiology Answer: most commonly caused by:
- rhinovirus
- coronaviruses (non-COVID strains)
- adrenoviruses
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- parainfluenza viruses
Pathophysiology of Acute Viral Rhinitis Answer: the virus infects nasal epithelial cells and
triggers:
1. epithelial injury
2. cytokine release (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a)
3. vasodilation
4. increased mucus production
5. recruitment of inflammatory cells
*most symptoms result from the host inflammatory response rather than direct viral injury*
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Viral Rhinitis Answer: - nasal congestion
- rhinorrhea
1
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,- sneezing
- mild sore throat
- cough
- malaise
Fever + Acute Viral Rhinitis Answer: fever is uncommon in adults, but common in children
treatment of acute viral rhinitis Answer: - supportive care
- hydration
- analgesics
- decongestants
ABX have no role
Prevention of acute viral rhinitis Answer: - hand hygiene
- avoidance of infected contacts
Rhinosinusitis Answer: inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses
What does viral rhinosinusitis usually follow? Answer: a common cold
Bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly caused by: Answer: - streptococcus pneumoniae
- haemophilus influenzae
- moraxella catarrhalis
Pathophysiology of bacterial rhinosinusitis Answer: - mucosal edema obstructs sinus drainage
- oxygen tension decreases
2
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, - secretions accumulate
- bacterial proliferation occurs
clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis Answer: suggestive of bacterial infection:
- symptoms > 10 days
- purulent nasal discharge
- facial pain
- fever
- worsening after initial improvement
treatment of rhinosinusitis Answer: - nasal saline irrigation
- intranasal corticosteroids
- antibiotics for confirmed bacterial disease
Etiology of Influenza Answer: caused by:
- Influenza A virus
- Influenza B virus
Influenza A is associated with antigenic drift and antigenic shift
Pathophysiology of Influenza Answer: Influenza infects respiratory epithelial cells causing:
- extensive epithelial destruction
- loss of mucociliary clearance
- cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
