UCLA LING 1 MIDTERM COMPREHENSIVE
INTRODUCTORY LINGUISTICS STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ structures that work together to create the sound.
Answer: vocal tract
◉ alveolar.
Answer: (#1 on image)
◉ hard palate.
Answer: (#2 on image)
◉ soft palate/velum.
Answer: (#3 on image)
◉ uvula.
Answer: (#4 on image)
◉ pharynx.
Answer: (#5 on image)
,◉ glottis.
Answer: (#6 on image)
◉ three features that determine consonants.
Answer: 1) place of articulation
2) manner of articulation
3) voicing
◉ sounds produced by bringing both lips together (i.e. [b], [p], [m]).
Answer: bilabials
◉ sounds produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth
(i.e. [f], [v]).
Answer: labiodentals
◉ sounds produced by inserting the tip of the tongue between the
upper teeth and the lower teeth (i.e. [θ], [đ]).
Answer: interdentals
◉ sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to the alveolar
ridge (part of the hard palate directly behind the upper front teeth)
(i.e. [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], [r]).
, Answer: alveolars
◉ sounds produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the
hard palate (bony section of the roof of the mouth behind the
alveolar ridge) (i.e. [ʃ ], [ʒ], [tʃ ], [dʒ], [j]).
Answer: palatals
◉ sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft
palate or velum (i.e. [k], [g], [ŋ]).
Answer: velars
◉ [h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottis.
[Ɂ] produced if the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly
closed vocal chords: glottal stop.
Answer: glottals
◉ bilabial and velar.
Answer: labio-velar
◉ vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no vibration).
Answer: voiceless
INTRODUCTORY LINGUISTICS STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ structures that work together to create the sound.
Answer: vocal tract
◉ alveolar.
Answer: (#1 on image)
◉ hard palate.
Answer: (#2 on image)
◉ soft palate/velum.
Answer: (#3 on image)
◉ uvula.
Answer: (#4 on image)
◉ pharynx.
Answer: (#5 on image)
,◉ glottis.
Answer: (#6 on image)
◉ three features that determine consonants.
Answer: 1) place of articulation
2) manner of articulation
3) voicing
◉ sounds produced by bringing both lips together (i.e. [b], [p], [m]).
Answer: bilabials
◉ sounds produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth
(i.e. [f], [v]).
Answer: labiodentals
◉ sounds produced by inserting the tip of the tongue between the
upper teeth and the lower teeth (i.e. [θ], [đ]).
Answer: interdentals
◉ sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to the alveolar
ridge (part of the hard palate directly behind the upper front teeth)
(i.e. [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], [r]).
, Answer: alveolars
◉ sounds produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the
hard palate (bony section of the roof of the mouth behind the
alveolar ridge) (i.e. [ʃ ], [ʒ], [tʃ ], [dʒ], [j]).
Answer: palatals
◉ sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft
palate or velum (i.e. [k], [g], [ŋ]).
Answer: velars
◉ [h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottis.
[Ɂ] produced if the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly
closed vocal chords: glottal stop.
Answer: glottals
◉ bilabial and velar.
Answer: labio-velar
◉ vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no vibration).
Answer: voiceless
